4 Getting your data

By: Christian Testa, Jarvis Chen ScD, Enjoli Hall, Dena Javadi, Tamara Rushovich

4.1 High Level Overview

For the application of mapping area health outcome rates, georeferenced data are made up of three components: health outcome counts, population estimates, and the geographic boundaries of the areal units of interest. Each of these data may each come from different data sources, but they are linked together in practice by merging the data together by geographic area identifiers.

Figure 4.1: In this workflow schematic, the components for creating georeferenced data are shown in the first two rows.

Some examples of area identifiers common in the United States context include codes for ZIP codes, county FIPS codes, census block or census tract IDs, etc. As shown in Figure 4.2 (below), there are two major sets of geographies employed by the US Census Bureau. The first concerns fundamental administrative and political units (referred to as the “spine” of US Census geography) which are relevant to the primary rationale of the US census to allocate political representation (Krieger 2019); these areas include census block, block-groups, tracts, counties, and states, and corresponding units for American Indian, Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian areas, with the census block being the core area used to create voting districts (at the local, state, and federal levels). The second set includes an array of additional areas, which often cross the boundaries of these core Census geographic areas, such as ZIP Codes, school districts, traffic analysis zones, etc.

If you are studying area level health outcome rates, you may find that you must source these different necessary pieces from different places. Population estimates can often come from the Census or its related data products, health outcomes may come from healthcare providers, public health departments, electronic health records (EHR), or other sources, and geography shapefiles are similarly available from numerous sources including the Census.

4.2 Data Sources

Health data can be found in numerous formats, such as for download from a webpage as .csv or .xlsx files, accessible through querying an application programming interface (API), or available only through direct request to a health department or agency.

The sources for the data we’ve used in our case examples are as follows:

US Census and American Community Survey data are retrieved through their API https://www.census.gov/data/developers/data-sets.html via the tidycensus package
CDC Places data were downloaded directly as .csv files from https://www.cdc.gov/places/
Cook County Medical Case Examiner Archive data on COVID-19 deaths were downloaded directly from https://datacatalog.cookcountyil.gov/Public-Safety/Medical-Examiner-Case-Archive-COVID-19-Related-Dea/3trz-enys
Massachusetts mortality data were requested directly from the Massachusetts Department of Public Health
The Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) is available online to download with csv and shapefiles available from https://www.atsdr.cdc.gov/placeandhealth/svi/index.html

4.3 Loading Spreadsheet Data into R

If you have a .csv file that you have downloaded, you can use the readr package (which is part of the tidyverse) to load it into R.

library(readr)
example_df <- read_csv("filename.csv")

# learn more about the options read_csv has by running:
?read_csv

Health data often come in other kinds of delimited formats such as tab-delimited or fixed-width spaced, in which case you can use the read_tsv or read_fwf functions from the readr package similarly to how you would use read_csv. Learn more about readr here: https://readr.tidyverse.org/

To read Excel data, we recommend using the readxl package, also part of the tidyverse. Learn more here: https://readxl.tidyverse.org/

library(readxl)
example_df <- read_excel("filename.xlsx", sheet = 1)
# to learn more about the options in the read_excel function, run:
?read_excel

# one particularly helpful feature to know about is the range argument which
# allows the user to specify they want to read a dataframe from a specific 
# range of cells using Excel-style range syntax:
example_df <- read_excel("filename.xlsx", sheet = 1, range = "A3:C17")

Even if your data are not a delimited text document or an Excel file, if they are in a common file format, it is still quite likely you can read your data into R using other packages. For example the haven package allows users to read SAS, SPSS, and Stata files. Read more here https://haven.tidyverse.org/

4.4 Connecting to Databases

Many online health datasets are accessible via query to a remote database server. References on how to interact with databases in R are available here: https://db.rstudio.com/, and the following reference shows how to interact with a remote database in the tidyverse style: https://dbplyr.tidyverse.org/

4.5 tidycensus

For some databases, R programmers have already written packages to help users submit their queries and get back their data of interest. One such example is the U.S. Census, for which the tidycensus package exists to automate fetching Census data in R.

The tidycensus package in R allows you to download data from the US Census Bureau products, including from the decennial Census and the 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year American Community Survey (ACS). Find detailed reference materials and an introduction to tidycensus here: https://walker-data.com/tidycensus/

In this section, we will walk you through example code that downloads the percent of residents under the poverty line and computing the Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE) for racialized economic segregation from the 2015-2019 ACS. As an example, we will demonstrate how to download these measures at the census tract level in Suffolk County, Massachusetts noting that this county includes the city of Boston, where the PHDGP 2.0 training team members are based!

You can find more of the variables available in the 5-year ACS at the following link, changing 2019 to your desired year starting with 2009 when the ACS began: https://api.census.gov/data/2019/acs/acs5/variables.html

(#fig:geoid_structure)The structure of Census tract GEOIDs

Hierarchy of geographic units as assignged by the US Census Bureau. Reproduced from https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/data/developers/geoareaconcepts.pdf

Figure 4.2: Hierarchy of geographic units as assignged by the US Census Bureau. Reproduced from https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/data/developers/geoareaconcepts.pdf

Here’s example code for downloading data on the percent of people living in households with household income less than the poverty threshold. The poverty thresholds are defined by the US Census (see: https://www.census.gov/topics/income-poverty/poverty/guidance/poverty-measures.html).

# example code for downloading poverty measures from the American Community
# Survey through tidycensus and visualizing them through maps

# load the packages we'll use for this section
library(tidycensus)
library(tidyverse)
library(sf)
library(RColorBrewer)
library(mapview)

# download the data from the ACS using the get_acs method from tidycensus
# 
# the B05010_002E variable refers to the count of residents who live in
# households with household income below the poverty line; the B05010_001E
# variable refers to the count of residents for whom household income was
# ascertained by the ACS, e.g. the relevant denominator.
# 
poverty <- get_acs(
  state = 'MA',
  county = '025', # this is the FIPS code for Suffolk County, MA
  geography = 'tract',
  year = 2019, # this indicates the 2015-2019 5-year acs 
  geometry = TRUE,
  variables = c(
    in_poverty = 'B05010_002E', 
    total_pop_for_poverty_estimates = 'B05010_001E') 
)


# we're going to recode the variable names to more human-readable names to 
# make it easier to work with the data in subsequent steps
poverty <- poverty %>% 
  mutate(
    variable = recode(variable,
                     # you may notice that tidycensus drops the 'E' from the 
                     # end of the variable code names
                     B05010_002 = 'in_poverty',
                     B05010_001 = 'total_pop_for_poverty_estimates'))

# pivot the data wider so that the in_poverty and
# total_pop_for_poverty_estimates; this follows the "tidy" format and approach
# where each row corresponds to an observation.
# 
# because the pivot_wider method can mess up your data when your data contains
# geometry/shapefile information, we will remove the geomemtry information
# and add it back in later
poverty_geometry <- poverty %>% select(GEOID) %>% unique() # save the geometry data
poverty <- poverty %>% 
  sf::st_drop_geometry() %>% # remove geometry data
  tidyr::pivot_wider(
    id_cols = GEOID,
    names_from = variable,
    values_from = c(estimate, moe))

# calculate the proportion in poverty
poverty <- poverty %>% 
  mutate(
    proportion_in_poverty = estimate_in_poverty / estimate_total_pop_for_poverty_estimates,
    percent_in_poverty = proportion_in_poverty * 100)

# add the geometry back in -- 
# make sure to merge the data into the sf object with the sf object on the 
# left hand side so the output has the sf type including your geometry data
poverty <- poverty_geometry %>% 
  left_join(poverty)

# visualize our point estimates 
ggplot(poverty, aes(fill = proportion_in_poverty)) +
  geom_sf() +
  scale_fill_viridis_c(label = scales::percent_format(),
                       limits = c(0, 1)) +
  labs(fill = "Percent in Poverty") +
  ggtitle("Poverty Estimates in Suffolk County, Massachusetts",
          subtitle = "Based on American Community Survey 2015-2019 Estimates")

# visualize the denominator counts -- 
# of significance, note that there are several census tracts where the
# denominator is 0 resulting in NaN estimates for the percent in poverty.
ggplot(poverty, aes(fill = estimate_total_pop_for_poverty_estimates)) + 
  geom_sf() + 
  scale_fill_viridis_c(label = scales::comma_format(), direction = -1, 
                       breaks = c(0, 10, 100, 1000), trans = "log1p") + 
  labs(fill = "Number of People") + 
  ggtitle("Number of People in Denominator for Poverty Estimates", 
          paste0("Suffolk County, Massachusetts\n",
          "Based on American Community Survey 2015-2019 Estimates"))

We can also use the mapview package to render interactive maps of the estimates and data we have computed/downloaded. This is particularly helpful in understanding how the geography relate to the estimates — especially to see where airports, green-space, schools, and other municipal zones may be located and which are not zoned to include residential units (hence the NaN or “not a number” estimates shown on the maps), but which may nevertheless be locations where unsheltered and other unhoused persons reside.

library(mapview)
mapview::mapview(poverty, zcol = 'percent_in_poverty')

Estimates of the percent of individuals in poverty based on the American Community Survey 2015-2019

For reference, these are the poverty thresholds in US dollars for 2017 (i.e. the middle year of the 2015-2019 time-period) from the Census:

		Related children under 18 years
		Related children under 18 years
Size of family unit	Weighted	None	One	Two	Three	Four	Five	Six	Seven	Eight or more
	average
	thresholds

One person (unrelated individual):	12,488
Under age 65.......................………	12,752	12,752
Aged 65 and older.................………	11,756	11,756

Two people:	15,877
Householder under age 65…...........	16,493	16,414	16,895
Householder aged 65 and older...….	14,828	14,816	16,831

Three people.......................………………………	19,515	19,173	19,730	19,749
Four people........................……………………….	25,094	25,283	25,696	24,858	24,944
Five people........................………………………	29,714	30,490	30,933	29,986	29,253	28,805
Six people.........................………………………..	33,618	35,069	35,208	34,482	33,787	32,753	32,140
Seven people.......................……………………..	38,173	40,351	40,603	39,734	39,129	38,001	36,685	35,242
Eight people.......................………………………	42,684	45,129	45,528	44,708	43,990	42,971	41,678	40,332	39,990
Nine people or more................……………………	50,681	54,287	54,550	53,825	53,216	52,216	50,840	49,595	49,287	47,389
Source: U.S. Census Bureau.

Now that we’ve created static and interactive maps of the poverty estimates for Suffolk County, we can move on to downloading and computing the Index of Concentration at the Extremes for Racialized Economic Segregation (High Income White non-Hispanic High Income vs. Low Income People of Color).

# example code for creating the index of concentration at the extremes for the 
# measure of racialized economic segregation (high income white non-hispanic 
# vs. low income people of color) using tidycensus

# create a data dictionary detailing the variables we're going to use - 
# 
# associating each of the variables a more readable/friendly `shortname` and a
# description can help make the subsequent code more readable and thus easier
# to debug in case you run into any errors.
# 
variables_dict <-
  tibble::tribble(
  ~var,          ~shortname,      ~desc,
  "B19001_001",  'hhinc_total',   "total population for household income estimates",
  "B19001A_002", 'hhinc_w_1',     "white n.h. pop with household income <$10k",
  "B19001A_003", 'hhinc_w_2',     "white n.h. pop with household income $10k-14 999k",
  "B19001A_004", 'hhinc_w_3',     "white n.h. pop with household income $15k-19 999k",
  "B19001A_005", 'hhinc_w_4',     "white n.h. pop with household income $20k-24 999k",
  "B19001A_014", 'hhinc_w_5',     "white n.h. pop with household income $100 000 to $124 999",
  "B19001A_015", 'hhinc_w_6',     "white n.h. pop with household income $125k-149 999k",
  "B19001A_016", 'hhinc_w_7',     "white n.h. pop with household income $150k-199 999k",
  "B19001A_017", 'hhinc_w_8',     "white n.h. pop with household income $196k+",
  "B19001_002",  'hhinc_total_1', "total pop with household income <$10k",
  "B19001_003",  'hhinc_total_2', "total pop with household income $10k-14 999k",
  "B19001_004",  'hhinc_total_3', "total pop with household income $15k-19 999k",
  "B19001_005",  'hhinc_total_4', "total pop with household income $20k-24 999k"
 )

# fetch data from the american community survey API (or application programming interface)
ICEraceinc <- get_acs(
  geography = 'tract',
  state = 'MA',
  county = '025',
  geometry = TRUE,
  year = 2019,
  variables = variables_dict$var)

# save the geommetry data separately
ICEraceinc_geometry <- ICEraceinc %>% select(GEOID) %>% unique()

# remove geometry data so we can use pivot_wider
ICEraceinc <- ICEraceinc %>% sf::st_drop_geometry()

# pivot to a wide format for renaming, dropping the margin of error data
ICEraceinc <- ICEraceinc %>% select(-moe) %>% 
  pivot_wider(names_from = variable, values_from = estimate)

# rename the columns using our rename_vars
# 
# first we create a named vector, rename_vars, which has elements that are the
# acs variables we request and convenient, human readable names.
# 
# then we use rename_vars with the rename function from dplyr. 
# typically the rename function takes a syntax as follows: 
#   data %>% rename(newname1 = oldname1, newname2 = oldname2, ...)
# but in our case, we already have a named vector (rename_vars) that we 
# want to use, and so to use the rename_vars named vector inside rename
# we use the injection-operator `!!`.  you can learn more about the injection
# operator by running ?`!!` in your R console. 
rename_vars <- setNames(variables_dict$var, variables_dict$shortname)
ICEraceinc <- ICEraceinc %>% rename(!!rename_vars)

# calculate the ICE for racialized economic segregation
ICEraceinc <- ICEraceinc %>% 
  mutate(
    # we calculate the people of color low income counts as the overall 
    # low income counts minus the white non-hispanic low income counts
    people_of_color_low_income = 
      (hhinc_total_1 + hhinc_total_2 + hhinc_total_3 + hhinc_total_4) - 
      (hhinc_w_1 + hhinc_w_2 + hhinc_w_3 + hhinc_w_4),
    # sum up the white non-hispanic high income counts
    white_non_hispanic_high_income = 
      (hhinc_w_5 + hhinc_w_6 + hhinc_w_7 + hhinc_w_8),
    # calculate the index of concentration at the extremes for racialized 
    # economic segregation (high income white non-hispanic vs. low income 
    # people of color)
    ICEraceinc = 
      (white_non_hispanic_high_income - people_of_color_low_income) / 
      hhinc_total
  )

# now we can merge our spatial geometry data back in
ICEraceinc <- ICEraceinc_geometry %>% 
  left_join(ICEraceinc %>% select(GEOID, ICEraceinc))

# visualize our data - 
# here we use a divergent color palette since the ICEraceinc measure 
# is divergent in nature
ggplot(ICEraceinc, aes(fill = ICEraceinc)) +
  geom_sf() +
  scale_fill_distiller(palette = 'BrBG') +
  labs(fill = "ICE for Racialized Economic Segregation:\nWhite non-Hispanic (High Income) vs.\nPeople of Color (Low Income)") +
  ggtitle(
    "Index of Concentration at the Extremes, Racialized Economic Segregation",
    paste0("Suffolk County, MA\n",
           "Based on American Community Survey 2015-2019 Estimates")
  )

mapview(ICEraceinc, zcol = 'ICEraceinc', 
        col.regions=rev(brewer.pal(11, "BrBG")))

Estimates of the Index of Concentration at the Extremes for Racialized Economic Segregation (white non-Hispanic with high income vs. People of Color with low income) based on the American Community Survey 2015-2019

4.6 Cleaning Area Identifiers

One of the most important aspects to pay attention to when cleaning georeferenced data is that area identifiers are stored as character or factor data types and not numeric types because if they are stored as numeric types leading 0s will be dropped and this may cause issues when merging multiple datasets together if the area-keys are not coded in the same way (e.g. in one dataset area-keys might be coded numeric and in another dataset area-keys might be coded as a character or factor).

This can happen often with FIPS codes, like the 2-character state FIPS codes and 3-digit county FIPS code. For states like Alabama and Alaska with FIPS codes 01 and 02, if these are mistakenly stored as numeric values, they will be truncated to as 1 and 2 which can introduce errors when trying to merge multiple datasets using FIPS codes.

For county FIPS codes, the tigris package has a handy built-in reference.

Once you’ve installed tigris (e.g. run install.packages('tigris')) and load the package (library(tigris)) you can access the built-in fips_codes data.frame.

state	state_code	state_name	county_code	county
AL	01	Alabama	001	Autauga County
AL	01	Alabama	003	Baldwin County
AL	01	Alabama	005	Barbour County
AL	01	Alabama	007	Bibb County
AL	01	Alabama	009	Blount County
AL	01	Alabama	011	Bullock County
AL	01	Alabama	013	Butler County
AL	01	Alabama	015	Calhoun County
AL	01	Alabama	017	Chambers County
AL	01	Alabama	019	Cherokee County
AL	01	Alabama	021	Chilton County
AL	01	Alabama	023	Choctaw County
AL	01	Alabama	025	Clarke County
AL	01	Alabama	027	Clay County
AL	01	Alabama	029	Cleburne County
AL	01	Alabama	031	Coffee County
AL	01	Alabama	033	Colbert County
AL	01	Alabama	035	Conecuh County
AL	01	Alabama	037	Coosa County
AL	01	Alabama	039	Covington County
AL	01	Alabama	041	Crenshaw County
AL	01	Alabama	043	Cullman County
AL	01	Alabama	045	Dale County
AL	01	Alabama	047	Dallas County
AL	01	Alabama	049	DeKalb County
AL	01	Alabama	051	Elmore County
AL	01	Alabama	053	Escambia County
AL	01	Alabama	055	Etowah County
AL	01	Alabama	057	Fayette County
AL	01	Alabama	059	Franklin County
AL	01	Alabama	061	Geneva County
AL	01	Alabama	063	Greene County
AL	01	Alabama	065	Hale County
AL	01	Alabama	067	Henry County
AL	01	Alabama	069	Houston County
AL	01	Alabama	071	Jackson County
AL	01	Alabama	073	Jefferson County
AL	01	Alabama	075	Lamar County
AL	01	Alabama	077	Lauderdale County
AL	01	Alabama	079	Lawrence County
AL	01	Alabama	081	Lee County
AL	01	Alabama	083	Limestone County
AL	01	Alabama	085	Lowndes County
AL	01	Alabama	087	Macon County
AL	01	Alabama	089	Madison County
AL	01	Alabama	091	Marengo County
AL	01	Alabama	093	Marion County
AL	01	Alabama	095	Marshall County
AL	01	Alabama	097	Mobile County
AL	01	Alabama	099	Monroe County
AL	01	Alabama	101	Montgomery County
AL	01	Alabama	103	Morgan County
AL	01	Alabama	105	Perry County
AL	01	Alabama	107	Pickens County
AL	01	Alabama	109	Pike County
AL	01	Alabama	111	Randolph County
AL	01	Alabama	113	Russell County
AL	01	Alabama	115	St. Clair County
AL	01	Alabama	117	Shelby County
AL	01	Alabama	119	Sumter County
AL	01	Alabama	121	Talladega County
AL	01	Alabama	123	Tallapoosa County
AL	01	Alabama	125	Tuscaloosa County
AL	01	Alabama	127	Walker County
AL	01	Alabama	129	Washington County
AL	01	Alabama	131	Wilcox County
AL	01	Alabama	133	Winston County
AK	02	Alaska	013	Aleutians East Borough
AK	02	Alaska	016	Aleutians West Census Area
AK	02	Alaska	020	Anchorage Municipality
AK	02	Alaska	050	Bethel Census Area
AK	02	Alaska	060	Bristol Bay Borough
AK	02	Alaska	063	Chugach Census Area
AK	02	Alaska	066	Copper River Census Area
AK	02	Alaska	068	Denali Borough
AK	02	Alaska	070	Dillingham Census Area
AK	02	Alaska	090	Fairbanks North Star Borough
AK	02	Alaska	100	Haines Borough
AK	02	Alaska	105	Hoonah-Angoon Census Area
AK	02	Alaska	110	Juneau City and Borough
AK	02	Alaska	122	Kenai Peninsula Borough
AK	02	Alaska	130	Ketchikan Gateway Borough
AK	02	Alaska	150	Kodiak Island Borough
AK	02	Alaska	158	Kusilvak Census Area
AK	02	Alaska	164	Lake and Peninsula Borough
AK	02	Alaska	170	Matanuska-Susitna Borough
AK	02	Alaska	180	Nome Census Area
AK	02	Alaska	185	North Slope Borough
AK	02	Alaska	188	Northwest Arctic Borough
AK	02	Alaska	195	Petersburg Census Area
AK	02	Alaska	198	Prince of Wales-Hyder Census Area
AK	02	Alaska	201	Prince of Wales-Outer Ketchikan Census Area
AK	02	Alaska	220	Sitka City and Borough
AK	02	Alaska	230	Skagway Municipality
AK	02	Alaska	231	Skagway-Yakutat-Angoon Census Area
AK	02	Alaska	232	Skagway-Hoonah-Angoon Census Area
AK	02	Alaska	240	Southeast Fairbanks Census Area
AK	02	Alaska	261	Valdez-Cordova Census Area
AK	02	Alaska	270	Wade Hampton Census Area
AK	02	Alaska	275	Wrangell City and Borough
AK	02	Alaska	280	Wrangell-Petersburg Census Area
AK	02	Alaska	282	Yakutat City and Borough
AK	02	Alaska	290	Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area
AZ	04	Arizona	001	Apache County
AZ	04	Arizona	003	Cochise County
AZ	04	Arizona	005	Coconino County
AZ	04	Arizona	007	Gila County
AZ	04	Arizona	009	Graham County
AZ	04	Arizona	011	Greenlee County
AZ	04	Arizona	012	La Paz County
AZ	04	Arizona	013	Maricopa County
AZ	04	Arizona	015	Mohave County
AZ	04	Arizona	017	Navajo County
AZ	04	Arizona	019	Pima County
AZ	04	Arizona	021	Pinal County
AZ	04	Arizona	023	Santa Cruz County
AZ	04	Arizona	025	Yavapai County
AZ	04	Arizona	027	Yuma County
AR	05	Arkansas	001	Arkansas County
AR	05	Arkansas	003	Ashley County
AR	05	Arkansas	005	Baxter County
AR	05	Arkansas	007	Benton County
AR	05	Arkansas	009	Boone County
AR	05	Arkansas	011	Bradley County
AR	05	Arkansas	013	Calhoun County
AR	05	Arkansas	015	Carroll County
AR	05	Arkansas	017	Chicot County
AR	05	Arkansas	019	Clark County
AR	05	Arkansas	021	Clay County
AR	05	Arkansas	023	Cleburne County
AR	05	Arkansas	025	Cleveland County
AR	05	Arkansas	027	Columbia County
AR	05	Arkansas	029	Conway County
AR	05	Arkansas	031	Craighead County
AR	05	Arkansas	033	Crawford County
AR	05	Arkansas	035	Crittenden County
AR	05	Arkansas	037	Cross County
AR	05	Arkansas	039	Dallas County
AR	05	Arkansas	041	Desha County
AR	05	Arkansas	043	Drew County
AR	05	Arkansas	045	Faulkner County
AR	05	Arkansas	047	Franklin County
AR	05	Arkansas	049	Fulton County
AR	05	Arkansas	051	Garland County
AR	05	Arkansas	053	Grant County
AR	05	Arkansas	055	Greene County
AR	05	Arkansas	057	Hempstead County
AR	05	Arkansas	059	Hot Spring County
AR	05	Arkansas	061	Howard County
AR	05	Arkansas	063	Independence County
AR	05	Arkansas	065	Izard County
AR	05	Arkansas	067	Jackson County
AR	05	Arkansas	069	Jefferson County
AR	05	Arkansas	071	Johnson County
AR	05	Arkansas	073	Lafayette County
AR	05	Arkansas	075	Lawrence County
AR	05	Arkansas	077	Lee County
AR	05	Arkansas	079	Lincoln County
AR	05	Arkansas	081	Little River County
AR	05	Arkansas	083	Logan County
AR	05	Arkansas	085	Lonoke County
AR	05	Arkansas	087	Madison County
AR	05	Arkansas	089	Marion County
AR	05	Arkansas	091	Miller County
AR	05	Arkansas	093	Mississippi County
AR	05	Arkansas	095	Monroe County
AR	05	Arkansas	097	Montgomery County
AR	05	Arkansas	099	Nevada County
AR	05	Arkansas	101	Newton County
AR	05	Arkansas	103	Ouachita County
AR	05	Arkansas	105	Perry County
AR	05	Arkansas	107	Phillips County
AR	05	Arkansas	109	Pike County
AR	05	Arkansas	111	Poinsett County
AR	05	Arkansas	113	Polk County
AR	05	Arkansas	115	Pope County
AR	05	Arkansas	117	Prairie County
AR	05	Arkansas	119	Pulaski County
AR	05	Arkansas	121	Randolph County
AR	05	Arkansas	123	St. Francis County
AR	05	Arkansas	125	Saline County
AR	05	Arkansas	127	Scott County
AR	05	Arkansas	129	Searcy County
AR	05	Arkansas	131	Sebastian County
AR	05	Arkansas	133	Sevier County
AR	05	Arkansas	135	Sharp County
AR	05	Arkansas	137	Stone County
AR	05	Arkansas	139	Union County
AR	05	Arkansas	141	Van Buren County
AR	05	Arkansas	143	Washington County
AR	05	Arkansas	145	White County
AR	05	Arkansas	147	Woodruff County
AR	05	Arkansas	149	Yell County
CA	06	California	001	Alameda County
CA	06	California	003	Alpine County
CA	06	California	005	Amador County
CA	06	California	007	Butte County
CA	06	California	009	Calaveras County
CA	06	California	011	Colusa County
CA	06	California	013	Contra Costa County
CA	06	California	015	Del Norte County
CA	06	California	017	El Dorado County
CA	06	California	019	Fresno County
CA	06	California	021	Glenn County
CA	06	California	023	Humboldt County
CA	06	California	025	Imperial County
CA	06	California	027	Inyo County
CA	06	California	029	Kern County
CA	06	California	031	Kings County
CA	06	California	033	Lake County
CA	06	California	035	Lassen County
CA	06	California	037	Los Angeles County
CA	06	California	039	Madera County
CA	06	California	041	Marin County
CA	06	California	043	Mariposa County
CA	06	California	045	Mendocino County
CA	06	California	047	Merced County
CA	06	California	049	Modoc County
CA	06	California	051	Mono County
CA	06	California	053	Monterey County
CA	06	California	055	Napa County
CA	06	California	057	Nevada County
CA	06	California	059	Orange County
CA	06	California	061	Placer County
CA	06	California	063	Plumas County
CA	06	California	065	Riverside County
CA	06	California	067	Sacramento County
CA	06	California	069	San Benito County
CA	06	California	071	San Bernardino County
CA	06	California	073	San Diego County
CA	06	California	075	San Francisco County
CA	06	California	077	San Joaquin County
CA	06	California	079	San Luis Obispo County
CA	06	California	081	San Mateo County
CA	06	California	083	Santa Barbara County
CA	06	California	085	Santa Clara County
CA	06	California	087	Santa Cruz County
CA	06	California	089	Shasta County
CA	06	California	091	Sierra County
CA	06	California	093	Siskiyou County
CA	06	California	095	Solano County
CA	06	California	097	Sonoma County
CA	06	California	099	Stanislaus County
CA	06	California	101	Sutter County
CA	06	California	103	Tehama County
CA	06	California	105	Trinity County
CA	06	California	107	Tulare County
CA	06	California	109	Tuolumne County
CA	06	California	111	Ventura County
CA	06	California	113	Yolo County
CA	06	California	115	Yuba County
CO	08	Colorado	001	Adams County
CO	08	Colorado	003	Alamosa County
CO	08	Colorado	005	Arapahoe County
CO	08	Colorado	007	Archuleta County
CO	08	Colorado	009	Baca County
CO	08	Colorado	011	Bent County
CO	08	Colorado	013	Boulder County
CO	08	Colorado	014	Broomfield County
CO	08	Colorado	015	Chaffee County
CO	08	Colorado	017	Cheyenne County
CO	08	Colorado	019	Clear Creek County
CO	08	Colorado	021	Conejos County
CO	08	Colorado	023	Costilla County
CO	08	Colorado	025	Crowley County
CO	08	Colorado	027	Custer County
CO	08	Colorado	029	Delta County
CO	08	Colorado	031	Denver County
CO	08	Colorado	033	Dolores County
CO	08	Colorado	035	Douglas County
CO	08	Colorado	037	Eagle County
CO	08	Colorado	039	Elbert County
CO	08	Colorado	041	El Paso County
CO	08	Colorado	043	Fremont County
CO	08	Colorado	045	Garfield County
CO	08	Colorado	047	Gilpin County
CO	08	Colorado	049	Grand County
CO	08	Colorado	051	Gunnison County
CO	08	Colorado	053	Hinsdale County
CO	08	Colorado	055	Huerfano County
CO	08	Colorado	057	Jackson County
CO	08	Colorado	059	Jefferson County
CO	08	Colorado	061	Kiowa County
CO	08	Colorado	063	Kit Carson County
CO	08	Colorado	065	Lake County
CO	08	Colorado	067	La Plata County
CO	08	Colorado	069	Larimer County
CO	08	Colorado	071	Las Animas County
CO	08	Colorado	073	Lincoln County
CO	08	Colorado	075	Logan County
CO	08	Colorado	077	Mesa County
CO	08	Colorado	079	Mineral County
CO	08	Colorado	081	Moffat County
CO	08	Colorado	083	Montezuma County
CO	08	Colorado	085	Montrose County
CO	08	Colorado	087	Morgan County
CO	08	Colorado	089	Otero County
CO	08	Colorado	091	Ouray County
CO	08	Colorado	093	Park County
CO	08	Colorado	095	Phillips County
CO	08	Colorado	097	Pitkin County
CO	08	Colorado	099	Prowers County
CO	08	Colorado	101	Pueblo County
CO	08	Colorado	103	Rio Blanco County
CO	08	Colorado	105	Rio Grande County
CO	08	Colorado	107	Routt County
CO	08	Colorado	109	Saguache County
CO	08	Colorado	111	San Juan County
CO	08	Colorado	113	San Miguel County
CO	08	Colorado	115	Sedgwick County
CO	08	Colorado	117	Summit County
CO	08	Colorado	119	Teller County
CO	08	Colorado	121	Washington County
CO	08	Colorado	123	Weld County
CO	08	Colorado	125	Yuma County
CT	09	Connecticut	001	Fairfield County
CT	09	Connecticut	003	Hartford County
CT	09	Connecticut	005	Litchfield County
CT	09	Connecticut	007	Middlesex County
CT	09	Connecticut	009	New Haven County
CT	09	Connecticut	011	New London County
CT	09	Connecticut	013	Tolland County
CT	09	Connecticut	015	Windham County
DE	10	Delaware	001	Kent County
DE	10	Delaware	003	New Castle County
DE	10	Delaware	005	Sussex County
DC	11	District of Columbia	001	District of Columbia
FL	12	Florida	001	Alachua County
FL	12	Florida	003	Baker County
FL	12	Florida	005	Bay County
FL	12	Florida	007	Bradford County
FL	12	Florida	009	Brevard County
FL	12	Florida	011	Broward County
FL	12	Florida	013	Calhoun County
FL	12	Florida	015	Charlotte County
FL	12	Florida	017	Citrus County
FL	12	Florida	019	Clay County
FL	12	Florida	021	Collier County
FL	12	Florida	023	Columbia County
FL	12	Florida	025	Dade County
FL	12	Florida	027	DeSoto County
FL	12	Florida	029	Dixie County
FL	12	Florida	031	Duval County
FL	12	Florida	033	Escambia County
FL	12	Florida	035	Flagler County
FL	12	Florida	037	Franklin County
FL	12	Florida	039	Gadsden County
FL	12	Florida	041	Gilchrist County
FL	12	Florida	043	Glades County
FL	12	Florida	045	Gulf County
FL	12	Florida	047	Hamilton County
FL	12	Florida	049	Hardee County
FL	12	Florida	051	Hendry County
FL	12	Florida	053	Hernando County
FL	12	Florida	055	Highlands County
FL	12	Florida	057	Hillsborough County
FL	12	Florida	059	Holmes County
FL	12	Florida	061	Indian River County
FL	12	Florida	063	Jackson County
FL	12	Florida	065	Jefferson County
FL	12	Florida	067	Lafayette County
FL	12	Florida	069	Lake County
FL	12	Florida	071	Lee County
FL	12	Florida	073	Leon County
FL	12	Florida	075	Levy County
FL	12	Florida	077	Liberty County
FL	12	Florida	079	Madison County
FL	12	Florida	081	Manatee County
FL	12	Florida	083	Marion County
FL	12	Florida	085	Martin County
FL	12	Florida	086	Miami-Dade County
FL	12	Florida	087	Monroe County
FL	12	Florida	089	Nassau County
FL	12	Florida	091	Okaloosa County
FL	12	Florida	093	Okeechobee County
FL	12	Florida	095	Orange County
FL	12	Florida	097	Osceola County
FL	12	Florida	099	Palm Beach County
FL	12	Florida	101	Pasco County
FL	12	Florida	103	Pinellas County
FL	12	Florida	105	Polk County
FL	12	Florida	107	Putnam County
FL	12	Florida	109	St. Johns County
FL	12	Florida	111	St. Lucie County
FL	12	Florida	113	Santa Rosa County
FL	12	Florida	115	Sarasota County
FL	12	Florida	117	Seminole County
FL	12	Florida	119	Sumter County
FL	12	Florida	121	Suwannee County
FL	12	Florida	123	Taylor County
FL	12	Florida	125	Union County
FL	12	Florida	127	Volusia County
FL	12	Florida	129	Wakulla County
FL	12	Florida	131	Walton County
FL	12	Florida	133	Washington County
GA	13	Georgia	001	Appling County
GA	13	Georgia	003	Atkinson County
GA	13	Georgia	005	Bacon County
GA	13	Georgia	007	Baker County
GA	13	Georgia	009	Baldwin County
GA	13	Georgia	011	Banks County
GA	13	Georgia	013	Barrow County
GA	13	Georgia	015	Bartow County
GA	13	Georgia	017	Ben Hill County
GA	13	Georgia	019	Berrien County
GA	13	Georgia	021	Bibb County
GA	13	Georgia	023	Bleckley County
GA	13	Georgia	025	Brantley County
GA	13	Georgia	027	Brooks County
GA	13	Georgia	029	Bryan County
GA	13	Georgia	031	Bulloch County
GA	13	Georgia	033	Burke County
GA	13	Georgia	035	Butts County
GA	13	Georgia	037	Calhoun County
GA	13	Georgia	039	Camden County
GA	13	Georgia	043	Candler County
GA	13	Georgia	045	Carroll County
GA	13	Georgia	047	Catoosa County
GA	13	Georgia	049	Charlton County
GA	13	Georgia	051	Chatham County
GA	13	Georgia	053	Chattahoochee County
GA	13	Georgia	055	Chattooga County
GA	13	Georgia	057	Cherokee County
GA	13	Georgia	059	Clarke County
GA	13	Georgia	061	Clay County
GA	13	Georgia	063	Clayton County
GA	13	Georgia	065	Clinch County
GA	13	Georgia	067	Cobb County
GA	13	Georgia	069	Coffee County
GA	13	Georgia	071	Colquitt County
GA	13	Georgia	073	Columbia County
GA	13	Georgia	075	Cook County
GA	13	Georgia	077	Coweta County
GA	13	Georgia	079	Crawford County
GA	13	Georgia	081	Crisp County
GA	13	Georgia	083	Dade County
GA	13	Georgia	085	Dawson County
GA	13	Georgia	087	Decatur County
GA	13	Georgia	089	DeKalb County
GA	13	Georgia	091	Dodge County
GA	13	Georgia	093	Dooly County
GA	13	Georgia	095	Dougherty County
GA	13	Georgia	097	Douglas County
GA	13	Georgia	099	Early County
GA	13	Georgia	101	Echols County
GA	13	Georgia	103	Effingham County
GA	13	Georgia	105	Elbert County
GA	13	Georgia	107	Emanuel County
GA	13	Georgia	109	Evans County
GA	13	Georgia	111	Fannin County
GA	13	Georgia	113	Fayette County
GA	13	Georgia	115	Floyd County
GA	13	Georgia	117	Forsyth County
GA	13	Georgia	119	Franklin County
GA	13	Georgia	121	Fulton County
GA	13	Georgia	123	Gilmer County
GA	13	Georgia	125	Glascock County
GA	13	Georgia	127	Glynn County
GA	13	Georgia	129	Gordon County
GA	13	Georgia	131	Grady County
GA	13	Georgia	133	Greene County
GA	13	Georgia	135	Gwinnett County
GA	13	Georgia	137	Habersham County
GA	13	Georgia	139	Hall County
GA	13	Georgia	141	Hancock County
GA	13	Georgia	143	Haralson County
GA	13	Georgia	145	Harris County
GA	13	Georgia	147	Hart County
GA	13	Georgia	149	Heard County
GA	13	Georgia	151	Henry County
GA	13	Georgia	153	Houston County
GA	13	Georgia	155	Irwin County
GA	13	Georgia	157	Jackson County
GA	13	Georgia	159	Jasper County
GA	13	Georgia	161	Jeff Davis County
GA	13	Georgia	163	Jefferson County
GA	13	Georgia	165	Jenkins County
GA	13	Georgia	167	Johnson County
GA	13	Georgia	169	Jones County
GA	13	Georgia	171	Lamar County
GA	13	Georgia	173	Lanier County
GA	13	Georgia	175	Laurens County
GA	13	Georgia	177	Lee County
GA	13	Georgia	179	Liberty County
GA	13	Georgia	181	Lincoln County
GA	13	Georgia	183	Long County
GA	13	Georgia	185	Lowndes County
GA	13	Georgia	187	Lumpkin County
GA	13	Georgia	189	McDuffie County
GA	13	Georgia	191	McIntosh County
GA	13	Georgia	193	Macon County
GA	13	Georgia	195	Madison County
GA	13	Georgia	197	Marion County
GA	13	Georgia	199	Meriwether County
GA	13	Georgia	201	Miller County
GA	13	Georgia	205	Mitchell County
GA	13	Georgia	207	Monroe County
GA	13	Georgia	209	Montgomery County
GA	13	Georgia	211	Morgan County
GA	13	Georgia	213	Murray County
GA	13	Georgia	215	Muscogee County
GA	13	Georgia	217	Newton County
GA	13	Georgia	219	Oconee County
GA	13	Georgia	221	Oglethorpe County
GA	13	Georgia	223	Paulding County
GA	13	Georgia	225	Peach County
GA	13	Georgia	227	Pickens County
GA	13	Georgia	229	Pierce County
GA	13	Georgia	231	Pike County
GA	13	Georgia	233	Polk County
GA	13	Georgia	235	Pulaski County
GA	13	Georgia	237	Putnam County
GA	13	Georgia	239	Quitman County
GA	13	Georgia	241	Rabun County
GA	13	Georgia	243	Randolph County
GA	13	Georgia	245	Richmond County
GA	13	Georgia	247	Rockdale County
GA	13	Georgia	249	Schley County
GA	13	Georgia	251	Screven County
GA	13	Georgia	253	Seminole County
GA	13	Georgia	255	Spalding County
GA	13	Georgia	257	Stephens County
GA	13	Georgia	259	Stewart County
GA	13	Georgia	261	Sumter County
GA	13	Georgia	263	Talbot County
GA	13	Georgia	265	Taliaferro County
GA	13	Georgia	267	Tattnall County
GA	13	Georgia	269	Taylor County
GA	13	Georgia	271	Telfair County
GA	13	Georgia	273	Terrell County
GA	13	Georgia	275	Thomas County
GA	13	Georgia	277	Tift County
GA	13	Georgia	279	Toombs County
GA	13	Georgia	281	Towns County
GA	13	Georgia	283	Treutlen County
GA	13	Georgia	285	Troup County
GA	13	Georgia	287	Turner County
GA	13	Georgia	289	Twiggs County
GA	13	Georgia	291	Union County
GA	13	Georgia	293	Upson County
GA	13	Georgia	295	Walker County
GA	13	Georgia	297	Walton County
GA	13	Georgia	299	Ware County
GA	13	Georgia	301	Warren County
GA	13	Georgia	303	Washington County
GA	13	Georgia	305	Wayne County
GA	13	Georgia	307	Webster County
GA	13	Georgia	309	Wheeler County
GA	13	Georgia	311	White County
GA	13	Georgia	313	Whitfield County
GA	13	Georgia	315	Wilcox County
GA	13	Georgia	317	Wilkes County
GA	13	Georgia	319	Wilkinson County
GA	13	Georgia	321	Worth County
HI	15	Hawaii	001	Hawaii County
HI	15	Hawaii	003	Honolulu County
HI	15	Hawaii	005	Kalawao County
HI	15	Hawaii	007	Kauai County
HI	15	Hawaii	009	Maui County
ID	16	Idaho	001	Ada County
ID	16	Idaho	003	Adams County
ID	16	Idaho	005	Bannock County
ID	16	Idaho	007	Bear Lake County
ID	16	Idaho	009	Benewah County
ID	16	Idaho	011	Bingham County
ID	16	Idaho	013	Blaine County
ID	16	Idaho	015	Boise County
ID	16	Idaho	017	Bonner County
ID	16	Idaho	019	Bonneville County
ID	16	Idaho	021	Boundary County
ID	16	Idaho	023	Butte County
ID	16	Idaho	025	Camas County
ID	16	Idaho	027	Canyon County
ID	16	Idaho	029	Caribou County
ID	16	Idaho	031	Cassia County
ID	16	Idaho	033	Clark County
ID	16	Idaho	035	Clearwater County
ID	16	Idaho	037	Custer County
ID	16	Idaho	039	Elmore County
ID	16	Idaho	041	Franklin County
ID	16	Idaho	043	Fremont County
ID	16	Idaho	045	Gem County
ID	16	Idaho	047	Gooding County
ID	16	Idaho	049	Idaho County
ID	16	Idaho	051	Jefferson County
ID	16	Idaho	053	Jerome County
ID	16	Idaho	055	Kootenai County
ID	16	Idaho	057	Latah County
ID	16	Idaho	059	Lemhi County
ID	16	Idaho	061	Lewis County
ID	16	Idaho	063	Lincoln County
ID	16	Idaho	065	Madison County
ID	16	Idaho	067	Minidoka County
ID	16	Idaho	069	Nez Perce County
ID	16	Idaho	071	Oneida County
ID	16	Idaho	073	Owyhee County
ID	16	Idaho	075	Payette County
ID	16	Idaho	077	Power County
ID	16	Idaho	079	Shoshone County
ID	16	Idaho	081	Teton County
ID	16	Idaho	083	Twin Falls County
ID	16	Idaho	085	Valley County
ID	16	Idaho	087	Washington County
IL	17	Illinois	001	Adams County
IL	17	Illinois	003	Alexander County
IL	17	Illinois	005	Bond County
IL	17	Illinois	007	Boone County
IL	17	Illinois	009	Brown County
IL	17	Illinois	011	Bureau County
IL	17	Illinois	013	Calhoun County
IL	17	Illinois	015	Carroll County
IL	17	Illinois	017	Cass County
IL	17	Illinois	019	Champaign County
IL	17	Illinois	021	Christian County
IL	17	Illinois	023	Clark County
IL	17	Illinois	025	Clay County
IL	17	Illinois	027	Clinton County
IL	17	Illinois	029	Coles County
IL	17	Illinois	031	Cook County
IL	17	Illinois	033	Crawford County
IL	17	Illinois	035	Cumberland County
IL	17	Illinois	037	DeKalb County
IL	17	Illinois	039	De Witt County
IL	17	Illinois	041	Douglas County
IL	17	Illinois	043	DuPage County
IL	17	Illinois	045	Edgar County
IL	17	Illinois	047	Edwards County
IL	17	Illinois	049	Effingham County
IL	17	Illinois	051	Fayette County
IL	17	Illinois	053	Ford County
IL	17	Illinois	055	Franklin County
IL	17	Illinois	057	Fulton County
IL	17	Illinois	059	Gallatin County
IL	17	Illinois	061	Greene County
IL	17	Illinois	063	Grundy County
IL	17	Illinois	065	Hamilton County
IL	17	Illinois	067	Hancock County
IL	17	Illinois	069	Hardin County
IL	17	Illinois	071	Henderson County
IL	17	Illinois	073	Henry County
IL	17	Illinois	075	Iroquois County
IL	17	Illinois	077	Jackson County
IL	17	Illinois	079	Jasper County
IL	17	Illinois	081	Jefferson County
IL	17	Illinois	083	Jersey County
IL	17	Illinois	085	Jo Daviess County
IL	17	Illinois	087	Johnson County
IL	17	Illinois	089	Kane County
IL	17	Illinois	091	Kankakee County
IL	17	Illinois	093	Kendall County
IL	17	Illinois	095	Knox County
IL	17	Illinois	097	Lake County
IL	17	Illinois	099	LaSalle County
IL	17	Illinois	101	Lawrence County
IL	17	Illinois	103	Lee County
IL	17	Illinois	105	Livingston County
IL	17	Illinois	107	Logan County
IL	17	Illinois	109	McDonough County
IL	17	Illinois	111	McHenry County
IL	17	Illinois	113	McLean County
IL	17	Illinois	115	Macon County
IL	17	Illinois	117	Macoupin County
IL	17	Illinois	119	Madison County
IL	17	Illinois	121	Marion County
IL	17	Illinois	123	Marshall County
IL	17	Illinois	125	Mason County
IL	17	Illinois	127	Massac County
IL	17	Illinois	129	Menard County
IL	17	Illinois	131	Mercer County
IL	17	Illinois	133	Monroe County
IL	17	Illinois	135	Montgomery County
IL	17	Illinois	137	Morgan County
IL	17	Illinois	139	Moultrie County
IL	17	Illinois	141	Ogle County
IL	17	Illinois	143	Peoria County
IL	17	Illinois	145	Perry County
IL	17	Illinois	147	Piatt County
IL	17	Illinois	149	Pike County
IL	17	Illinois	151	Pope County
IL	17	Illinois	153	Pulaski County
IL	17	Illinois	155	Putnam County
IL	17	Illinois	157	Randolph County
IL	17	Illinois	159	Richland County
IL	17	Illinois	161	Rock Island County
IL	17	Illinois	163	St. Clair County
IL	17	Illinois	165	Saline County
IL	17	Illinois	167	Sangamon County
IL	17	Illinois	169	Schuyler County
IL	17	Illinois	171	Scott County
IL	17	Illinois	173	Shelby County
IL	17	Illinois	175	Stark County
IL	17	Illinois	177	Stephenson County
IL	17	Illinois	179	Tazewell County
IL	17	Illinois	181	Union County
IL	17	Illinois	183	Vermilion County
IL	17	Illinois	185	Wabash County
IL	17	Illinois	187	Warren County
IL	17	Illinois	189	Washington County
IL	17	Illinois	191	Wayne County
IL	17	Illinois	193	White County
IL	17	Illinois	195	Whiteside County
IL	17	Illinois	197	Will County
IL	17	Illinois	199	Williamson County
IL	17	Illinois	201	Winnebago County
IL	17	Illinois	203	Woodford County
IN	18	Indiana	001	Adams County
IN	18	Indiana	003	Allen County
IN	18	Indiana	005	Bartholomew County
IN	18	Indiana	007	Benton County
IN	18	Indiana	009	Blackford County
IN	18	Indiana	011	Boone County
IN	18	Indiana	013	Brown County
IN	18	Indiana	015	Carroll County
IN	18	Indiana	017	Cass County
IN	18	Indiana	019	Clark County
IN	18	Indiana	021	Clay County
IN	18	Indiana	023	Clinton County
IN	18	Indiana	025	Crawford County
IN	18	Indiana	027	Daviess County
IN	18	Indiana	029	Dearborn County
IN	18	Indiana	031	Decatur County
IN	18	Indiana	033	DeKalb County
IN	18	Indiana	035	Delaware County
IN	18	Indiana	037	Dubois County
IN	18	Indiana	039	Elkhart County
IN	18	Indiana	041	Fayette County
IN	18	Indiana	043	Floyd County
IN	18	Indiana	045	Fountain County
IN	18	Indiana	047	Franklin County
IN	18	Indiana	049	Fulton County
IN	18	Indiana	051	Gibson County
IN	18	Indiana	053	Grant County
IN	18	Indiana	055	Greene County
IN	18	Indiana	057	Hamilton County
IN	18	Indiana	059	Hancock County
IN	18	Indiana	061	Harrison County
IN	18	Indiana	063	Hendricks County
IN	18	Indiana	065	Henry County
IN	18	Indiana	067	Howard County
IN	18	Indiana	069	Huntington County
IN	18	Indiana	071	Jackson County
IN	18	Indiana	073	Jasper County
IN	18	Indiana	075	Jay County
IN	18	Indiana	077	Jefferson County
IN	18	Indiana	079	Jennings County
IN	18	Indiana	081	Johnson County
IN	18	Indiana	083	Knox County
IN	18	Indiana	085	Kosciusko County
IN	18	Indiana	087	LaGrange County
IN	18	Indiana	089	Lake County
IN	18	Indiana	091	LaPorte County
IN	18	Indiana	093	Lawrence County
IN	18	Indiana	095	Madison County
IN	18	Indiana	097	Marion County
IN	18	Indiana	099	Marshall County
IN	18	Indiana	101	Martin County
IN	18	Indiana	103	Miami County
IN	18	Indiana	105	Monroe County
IN	18	Indiana	107	Montgomery County
IN	18	Indiana	109	Morgan County
IN	18	Indiana	111	Newton County
IN	18	Indiana	113	Noble County
IN	18	Indiana	115	Ohio County
IN	18	Indiana	117	Orange County
IN	18	Indiana	119	Owen County
IN	18	Indiana	121	Parke County
IN	18	Indiana	123	Perry County
IN	18	Indiana	125	Pike County
IN	18	Indiana	127	Porter County
IN	18	Indiana	129	Posey County
IN	18	Indiana	131	Pulaski County
IN	18	Indiana	133	Putnam County
IN	18	Indiana	135	Randolph County
IN	18	Indiana	137	Ripley County
IN	18	Indiana	139	Rush County
IN	18	Indiana	141	St. Joseph County
IN	18	Indiana	143	Scott County
IN	18	Indiana	145	Shelby County
IN	18	Indiana	147	Spencer County
IN	18	Indiana	149	Starke County
IN	18	Indiana	151	Steuben County
IN	18	Indiana	153	Sullivan County
IN	18	Indiana	155	Switzerland County
IN	18	Indiana	157	Tippecanoe County
IN	18	Indiana	159	Tipton County
IN	18	Indiana	161	Union County
IN	18	Indiana	163	Vanderburgh County
IN	18	Indiana	165	Vermillion County
IN	18	Indiana	167	Vigo County
IN	18	Indiana	169	Wabash County
IN	18	Indiana	171	Warren County
IN	18	Indiana	173	Warrick County
IN	18	Indiana	175	Washington County
IN	18	Indiana	177	Wayne County
IN	18	Indiana	179	Wells County
IN	18	Indiana	181	White County
IN	18	Indiana	183	Whitley County
IA	19	Iowa	001	Adair County
IA	19	Iowa	003	Adams County
IA	19	Iowa	005	Allamakee County
IA	19	Iowa	007	Appanoose County
IA	19	Iowa	009	Audubon County
IA	19	Iowa	011	Benton County
IA	19	Iowa	013	Black Hawk County
IA	19	Iowa	015	Boone County
IA	19	Iowa	017	Bremer County
IA	19	Iowa	019	Buchanan County
IA	19	Iowa	021	Buena Vista County
IA	19	Iowa	023	Butler County
IA	19	Iowa	025	Calhoun County
IA	19	Iowa	027	Carroll County
IA	19	Iowa	029	Cass County
IA	19	Iowa	031	Cedar County
IA	19	Iowa	033	Cerro Gordo County
IA	19	Iowa	035	Cherokee County
IA	19	Iowa	037	Chickasaw County
IA	19	Iowa	039	Clarke County
IA	19	Iowa	041	Clay County
IA	19	Iowa	043	Clayton County
IA	19	Iowa	045	Clinton County
IA	19	Iowa	047	Crawford County
IA	19	Iowa	049	Dallas County
IA	19	Iowa	051	Davis County
IA	19	Iowa	053	Decatur County
IA	19	Iowa	055	Delaware County
IA	19	Iowa	057	Des Moines County
IA	19	Iowa	059	Dickinson County
IA	19	Iowa	061	Dubuque County
IA	19	Iowa	063	Emmet County
IA	19	Iowa	065	Fayette County
IA	19	Iowa	067	Floyd County
IA	19	Iowa	069	Franklin County
IA	19	Iowa	071	Fremont County
IA	19	Iowa	073	Greene County
IA	19	Iowa	075	Grundy County
IA	19	Iowa	077	Guthrie County
IA	19	Iowa	079	Hamilton County
IA	19	Iowa	081	Hancock County
IA	19	Iowa	083	Hardin County
IA	19	Iowa	085	Harrison County
IA	19	Iowa	087	Henry County
IA	19	Iowa	089	Howard County
IA	19	Iowa	091	Humboldt County
IA	19	Iowa	093	Ida County
IA	19	Iowa	095	Iowa County
IA	19	Iowa	097	Jackson County
IA	19	Iowa	099	Jasper County
IA	19	Iowa	101	Jefferson County
IA	19	Iowa	103	Johnson County
IA	19	Iowa	105	Jones County
IA	19	Iowa	107	Keokuk County
IA	19	Iowa	109	Kossuth County
IA	19	Iowa	111	Lee County
IA	19	Iowa	113	Linn County
IA	19	Iowa	115	Louisa County
IA	19	Iowa	117	Lucas County
IA	19	Iowa	119	Lyon County
IA	19	Iowa	121	Madison County
IA	19	Iowa	123	Mahaska County
IA	19	Iowa	125	Marion County
IA	19	Iowa	127	Marshall County
IA	19	Iowa	129	Mills County
IA	19	Iowa	131	Mitchell County
IA	19	Iowa	133	Monona County
IA	19	Iowa	135	Monroe County
IA	19	Iowa	137	Montgomery County
IA	19	Iowa	139	Muscatine County
IA	19	Iowa	141	O’Brien County
IA	19	Iowa	143	Osceola County
IA	19	Iowa	145	Page County
IA	19	Iowa	147	Palo Alto County
IA	19	Iowa	149	Plymouth County
IA	19	Iowa	151	Pocahontas County
IA	19	Iowa	153	Polk County
IA	19	Iowa	155	Pottawattamie County
IA	19	Iowa	157	Poweshiek County
IA	19	Iowa	159	Ringgold County
IA	19	Iowa	161	Sac County
IA	19	Iowa	163	Scott County
IA	19	Iowa	165	Shelby County
IA	19	Iowa	167	Sioux County
IA	19	Iowa	169	Story County
IA	19	Iowa	171	Tama County
IA	19	Iowa	173	Taylor County
IA	19	Iowa	175	Union County
IA	19	Iowa	177	Van Buren County
IA	19	Iowa	179	Wapello County
IA	19	Iowa	181	Warren County
IA	19	Iowa	183	Washington County
IA	19	Iowa	185	Wayne County
IA	19	Iowa	187	Webster County
IA	19	Iowa	189	Winnebago County
IA	19	Iowa	191	Winneshiek County
IA	19	Iowa	193	Woodbury County
IA	19	Iowa	195	Worth County
IA	19	Iowa	197	Wright County
KS	20	Kansas	001	Allen County
KS	20	Kansas	003	Anderson County
KS	20	Kansas	005	Atchison County
KS	20	Kansas	007	Barber County
KS	20	Kansas	009	Barton County
KS	20	Kansas	011	Bourbon County
KS	20	Kansas	013	Brown County
KS	20	Kansas	015	Butler County
KS	20	Kansas	017	Chase County
KS	20	Kansas	019	Chautauqua County
KS	20	Kansas	021	Cherokee County
KS	20	Kansas	023	Cheyenne County
KS	20	Kansas	025	Clark County
KS	20	Kansas	027	Clay County
KS	20	Kansas	029	Cloud County
KS	20	Kansas	031	Coffey County
KS	20	Kansas	033	Comanche County
KS	20	Kansas	035	Cowley County
KS	20	Kansas	037	Crawford County
KS	20	Kansas	039	Decatur County
KS	20	Kansas	041	Dickinson County
KS	20	Kansas	043	Doniphan County
KS	20	Kansas	045	Douglas County
KS	20	Kansas	047	Edwards County
KS	20	Kansas	049	Elk County
KS	20	Kansas	051	Ellis County
KS	20	Kansas	053	Ellsworth County
KS	20	Kansas	055	Finney County
KS	20	Kansas	057	Ford County
KS	20	Kansas	059	Franklin County
KS	20	Kansas	061	Geary County
KS	20	Kansas	063	Gove County
KS	20	Kansas	065	Graham County
KS	20	Kansas	067	Grant County
KS	20	Kansas	069	Gray County
KS	20	Kansas	071	Greeley County
KS	20	Kansas	073	Greenwood County
KS	20	Kansas	075	Hamilton County
KS	20	Kansas	077	Harper County
KS	20	Kansas	079	Harvey County
KS	20	Kansas	081	Haskell County
KS	20	Kansas	083	Hodgeman County
KS	20	Kansas	085	Jackson County
KS	20	Kansas	087	Jefferson County
KS	20	Kansas	089	Jewell County
KS	20	Kansas	091	Johnson County
KS	20	Kansas	093	Kearny County
KS	20	Kansas	095	Kingman County
KS	20	Kansas	097	Kiowa County
KS	20	Kansas	099	Labette County
KS	20	Kansas	101	Lane County
KS	20	Kansas	103	Leavenworth County
KS	20	Kansas	105	Lincoln County
KS	20	Kansas	107	Linn County
KS	20	Kansas	109	Logan County
KS	20	Kansas	111	Lyon County
KS	20	Kansas	113	McPherson County
KS	20	Kansas	115	Marion County
KS	20	Kansas	117	Marshall County
KS	20	Kansas	119	Meade County
KS	20	Kansas	121	Miami County
KS	20	Kansas	123	Mitchell County
KS	20	Kansas	125	Montgomery County
KS	20	Kansas	127	Morris County
KS	20	Kansas	129	Morton County
KS	20	Kansas	131	Nemaha County
KS	20	Kansas	133	Neosho County
KS	20	Kansas	135	Ness County
KS	20	Kansas	137	Norton County
KS	20	Kansas	139	Osage County
KS	20	Kansas	141	Osborne County
KS	20	Kansas	143	Ottawa County
KS	20	Kansas	145	Pawnee County
KS	20	Kansas	147	Phillips County
KS	20	Kansas	149	Pottawatomie County
KS	20	Kansas	151	Pratt County
KS	20	Kansas	153	Rawlins County
KS	20	Kansas	155	Reno County
KS	20	Kansas	157	Republic County
KS	20	Kansas	159	Rice County
KS	20	Kansas	161	Riley County
KS	20	Kansas	163	Rooks County
KS	20	Kansas	165	Rush County
KS	20	Kansas	167	Russell County
KS	20	Kansas	169	Saline County
KS	20	Kansas	171	Scott County
KS	20	Kansas	173	Sedgwick County
KS	20	Kansas	175	Seward County
KS	20	Kansas	177	Shawnee County
KS	20	Kansas	179	Sheridan County
KS	20	Kansas	181	Sherman County
KS	20	Kansas	183	Smith County
KS	20	Kansas	185	Stafford County
KS	20	Kansas	187	Stanton County
KS	20	Kansas	189	Stevens County
KS	20	Kansas	191	Sumner County
KS	20	Kansas	193	Thomas County
KS	20	Kansas	195	Trego County
KS	20	Kansas	197	Wabaunsee County
KS	20	Kansas	199	Wallace County
KS	20	Kansas	201	Washington County
KS	20	Kansas	203	Wichita County
KS	20	Kansas	205	Wilson County
KS	20	Kansas	207	Woodson County
KS	20	Kansas	209	Wyandotte County
KY	21	Kentucky	001	Adair County
KY	21	Kentucky	003	Allen County
KY	21	Kentucky	005	Anderson County
KY	21	Kentucky	007	Ballard County
KY	21	Kentucky	009	Barren County
KY	21	Kentucky	011	Bath County
KY	21	Kentucky	013	Bell County
KY	21	Kentucky	015	Boone County
KY	21	Kentucky	017	Bourbon County
KY	21	Kentucky	019	Boyd County
KY	21	Kentucky	021	Boyle County
KY	21	Kentucky	023	Bracken County
KY	21	Kentucky	025	Breathitt County
KY	21	Kentucky	027	Breckinridge County
KY	21	Kentucky	029	Bullitt County
KY	21	Kentucky	031	Butler County
KY	21	Kentucky	033	Caldwell County
KY	21	Kentucky	035	Calloway County
KY	21	Kentucky	037	Campbell County
KY	21	Kentucky	039	Carlisle County
KY	21	Kentucky	041	Carroll County
KY	21	Kentucky	043	Carter County
KY	21	Kentucky	045	Casey County
KY	21	Kentucky	047	Christian County
KY	21	Kentucky	049	Clark County
KY	21	Kentucky	051	Clay County
KY	21	Kentucky	053	Clinton County
KY	21	Kentucky	055	Crittenden County
KY	21	Kentucky	057	Cumberland County
KY	21	Kentucky	059	Daviess County
KY	21	Kentucky	061	Edmonson County
KY	21	Kentucky	063	Elliott County
KY	21	Kentucky	065	Estill County
KY	21	Kentucky	067	Fayette County
KY	21	Kentucky	069	Fleming County
KY	21	Kentucky	071	Floyd County
KY	21	Kentucky	073	Franklin County
KY	21	Kentucky	075	Fulton County
KY	21	Kentucky	077	Gallatin County
KY	21	Kentucky	079	Garrard County
KY	21	Kentucky	081	Grant County
KY	21	Kentucky	083	Graves County
KY	21	Kentucky	085	Grayson County
KY	21	Kentucky	087	Green County
KY	21	Kentucky	089	Greenup County
KY	21	Kentucky	091	Hancock County
KY	21	Kentucky	093	Hardin County
KY	21	Kentucky	095	Harlan County
KY	21	Kentucky	097	Harrison County
KY	21	Kentucky	099	Hart County
KY	21	Kentucky	101	Henderson County
KY	21	Kentucky	103	Henry County
KY	21	Kentucky	105	Hickman County
KY	21	Kentucky	107	Hopkins County
KY	21	Kentucky	109	Jackson County
KY	21	Kentucky	111	Jefferson County
KY	21	Kentucky	113	Jessamine County
KY	21	Kentucky	115	Johnson County
KY	21	Kentucky	117	Kenton County
KY	21	Kentucky	119	Knott County
KY	21	Kentucky	121	Knox County
KY	21	Kentucky	123	Larue County
KY	21	Kentucky	125	Laurel County
KY	21	Kentucky	127	Lawrence County
KY	21	Kentucky	129	Lee County
KY	21	Kentucky	131	Leslie County
KY	21	Kentucky	133	Letcher County
KY	21	Kentucky	135	Lewis County
KY	21	Kentucky	137	Lincoln County
KY	21	Kentucky	139	Livingston County
KY	21	Kentucky	141	Logan County
KY	21	Kentucky	143	Lyon County
KY	21	Kentucky	145	McCracken County
KY	21	Kentucky	147	McCreary County
KY	21	Kentucky	149	McLean County
KY	21	Kentucky	151	Madison County
KY	21	Kentucky	153	Magoffin County
KY	21	Kentucky	155	Marion County
KY	21	Kentucky	157	Marshall County
KY	21	Kentucky	159	Martin County
KY	21	Kentucky	161	Mason County
KY	21	Kentucky	163	Meade County
KY	21	Kentucky	165	Menifee County
KY	21	Kentucky	167	Mercer County
KY	21	Kentucky	169	Metcalfe County
KY	21	Kentucky	171	Monroe County
KY	21	Kentucky	173	Montgomery County
KY	21	Kentucky	175	Morgan County
KY	21	Kentucky	177	Muhlenberg County
KY	21	Kentucky	179	Nelson County
KY	21	Kentucky	181	Nicholas County
KY	21	Kentucky	183	Ohio County
KY	21	Kentucky	185	Oldham County
KY	21	Kentucky	187	Owen County
KY	21	Kentucky	189	Owsley County
KY	21	Kentucky	191	Pendleton County
KY	21	Kentucky	193	Perry County
KY	21	Kentucky	195	Pike County
KY	21	Kentucky	197	Powell County
KY	21	Kentucky	199	Pulaski County
KY	21	Kentucky	201	Robertson County
KY	21	Kentucky	203	Rockcastle County
KY	21	Kentucky	205	Rowan County
KY	21	Kentucky	207	Russell County
KY	21	Kentucky	209	Scott County
KY	21	Kentucky	211	Shelby County
KY	21	Kentucky	213	Simpson County
KY	21	Kentucky	215	Spencer County
KY	21	Kentucky	217	Taylor County
KY	21	Kentucky	219	Todd County
KY	21	Kentucky	221	Trigg County
KY	21	Kentucky	223	Trimble County
KY	21	Kentucky	225	Union County
KY	21	Kentucky	227	Warren County
KY	21	Kentucky	229	Washington County
KY	21	Kentucky	231	Wayne County
KY	21	Kentucky	233	Webster County
KY	21	Kentucky	235	Whitley County
KY	21	Kentucky	237	Wolfe County
KY	21	Kentucky	239	Woodford County
LA	22	Louisiana	001	Acadia Parish
LA	22	Louisiana	003	Allen Parish
LA	22	Louisiana	005	Ascension Parish
LA	22	Louisiana	007	Assumption Parish
LA	22	Louisiana	009	Avoyelles Parish
LA	22	Louisiana	011	Beauregard Parish
LA	22	Louisiana	013	Bienville Parish
LA	22	Louisiana	015	Bossier Parish
LA	22	Louisiana	017	Caddo Parish
LA	22	Louisiana	019	Calcasieu Parish
LA	22	Louisiana	021	Caldwell Parish
LA	22	Louisiana	023	Cameron Parish
LA	22	Louisiana	025	Catahoula Parish
LA	22	Louisiana	027	Claiborne Parish
LA	22	Louisiana	029	Concordia Parish
LA	22	Louisiana	031	De Soto Parish
LA	22	Louisiana	033	East Baton Rouge Parish
LA	22	Louisiana	035	East Carroll Parish
LA	22	Louisiana	037	East Feliciana Parish
LA	22	Louisiana	039	Evangeline Parish
LA	22	Louisiana	041	Franklin Parish
LA	22	Louisiana	043	Grant Parish
LA	22	Louisiana	045	Iberia Parish
LA	22	Louisiana	047	Iberville Parish
LA	22	Louisiana	049	Jackson Parish
LA	22	Louisiana	051	Jefferson Parish
LA	22	Louisiana	053	Jefferson Davis Parish
LA	22	Louisiana	055	Lafayette Parish
LA	22	Louisiana	057	Lafourche Parish
LA	22	Louisiana	059	La Salle Parish
LA	22	Louisiana	061	Lincoln Parish
LA	22	Louisiana	063	Livingston Parish
LA	22	Louisiana	065	Madison Parish
LA	22	Louisiana	067	Morehouse Parish
LA	22	Louisiana	069	Natchitoches Parish
LA	22	Louisiana	071	Orleans Parish
LA	22	Louisiana	073	Ouachita Parish
LA	22	Louisiana	075	Plaquemines Parish
LA	22	Louisiana	077	Pointe Coupee Parish
LA	22	Louisiana	079	Rapides Parish
LA	22	Louisiana	081	Red River Parish
LA	22	Louisiana	083	Richland Parish
LA	22	Louisiana	085	Sabine Parish
LA	22	Louisiana	087	St. Bernard Parish
LA	22	Louisiana	089	St. Charles Parish
LA	22	Louisiana	091	St. Helena Parish
LA	22	Louisiana	093	St. James Parish
LA	22	Louisiana	095	St. John the Baptist Parish
LA	22	Louisiana	097	St. Landry Parish
LA	22	Louisiana	099	St. Martin Parish
LA	22	Louisiana	101	St. Mary Parish
LA	22	Louisiana	103	St. Tammany Parish
LA	22	Louisiana	105	Tangipahoa Parish
LA	22	Louisiana	107	Tensas Parish
LA	22	Louisiana	109	Terrebonne Parish
LA	22	Louisiana	111	Union Parish
LA	22	Louisiana	113	Vermilion Parish
LA	22	Louisiana	115	Vernon Parish
LA	22	Louisiana	117	Washington Parish
LA	22	Louisiana	119	Webster Parish
LA	22	Louisiana	121	West Baton Rouge Parish
LA	22	Louisiana	123	West Carroll Parish
LA	22	Louisiana	125	West Feliciana Parish
LA	22	Louisiana	127	Winn Parish
ME	23	Maine	001	Androscoggin County
ME	23	Maine	003	Aroostook County
ME	23	Maine	005	Cumberland County
ME	23	Maine	007	Franklin County
ME	23	Maine	009	Hancock County
ME	23	Maine	011	Kennebec County
ME	23	Maine	013	Knox County
ME	23	Maine	015	Lincoln County
ME	23	Maine	017	Oxford County
ME	23	Maine	019	Penobscot County
ME	23	Maine	021	Piscataquis County
ME	23	Maine	023	Sagadahoc County
ME	23	Maine	025	Somerset County
ME	23	Maine	027	Waldo County
ME	23	Maine	029	Washington County
ME	23	Maine	031	York County
MD	24	Maryland	001	Allegany County
MD	24	Maryland	003	Anne Arundel County
MD	24	Maryland	005	Baltimore County
MD	24	Maryland	009	Calvert County
MD	24	Maryland	011	Caroline County
MD	24	Maryland	013	Carroll County
MD	24	Maryland	015	Cecil County
MD	24	Maryland	017	Charles County
MD	24	Maryland	019	Dorchester County
MD	24	Maryland	021	Frederick County
MD	24	Maryland	023	Garrett County
MD	24	Maryland	025	Harford County
MD	24	Maryland	027	Howard County
MD	24	Maryland	029	Kent County
MD	24	Maryland	031	Montgomery County
MD	24	Maryland	033	Prince George’s County
MD	24	Maryland	035	Queen Anne’s County
MD	24	Maryland	037	St. Mary’s County
MD	24	Maryland	039	Somerset County
MD	24	Maryland	041	Talbot County
MD	24	Maryland	043	Washington County
MD	24	Maryland	045	Wicomico County
MD	24	Maryland	047	Worcester County
MD	24	Maryland	510	Baltimore city
MA	25	Massachusetts	001	Barnstable County
MA	25	Massachusetts	003	Berkshire County
MA	25	Massachusetts	005	Bristol County
MA	25	Massachusetts	007	Dukes County
MA	25	Massachusetts	009	Essex County
MA	25	Massachusetts	011	Franklin County
MA	25	Massachusetts	013	Hampden County
MA	25	Massachusetts	015	Hampshire County
MA	25	Massachusetts	017	Middlesex County
MA	25	Massachusetts	019	Nantucket County
MA	25	Massachusetts	021	Norfolk County
MA	25	Massachusetts	023	Plymouth County
MA	25	Massachusetts	025	Suffolk County
MA	25	Massachusetts	027	Worcester County
MI	26	Michigan	001	Alcona County
MI	26	Michigan	003	Alger County
MI	26	Michigan	005	Allegan County
MI	26	Michigan	007	Alpena County
MI	26	Michigan	009	Antrim County
MI	26	Michigan	011	Arenac County
MI	26	Michigan	013	Baraga County
MI	26	Michigan	015	Barry County
MI	26	Michigan	017	Bay County
MI	26	Michigan	019	Benzie County
MI	26	Michigan	021	Berrien County
MI	26	Michigan	023	Branch County
MI	26	Michigan	025	Calhoun County
MI	26	Michigan	027	Cass County
MI	26	Michigan	029	Charlevoix County
MI	26	Michigan	031	Cheboygan County
MI	26	Michigan	033	Chippewa County
MI	26	Michigan	035	Clare County
MI	26	Michigan	037	Clinton County
MI	26	Michigan	039	Crawford County
MI	26	Michigan	041	Delta County
MI	26	Michigan	043	Dickinson County
MI	26	Michigan	045	Eaton County
MI	26	Michigan	047	Emmet County
MI	26	Michigan	049	Genesee County
MI	26	Michigan	051	Gladwin County
MI	26	Michigan	053	Gogebic County
MI	26	Michigan	055	Grand Traverse County
MI	26	Michigan	057	Gratiot County
MI	26	Michigan	059	Hillsdale County
MI	26	Michigan	061	Houghton County
MI	26	Michigan	063	Huron County
MI	26	Michigan	065	Ingham County
MI	26	Michigan	067	Ionia County
MI	26	Michigan	069	Iosco County
MI	26	Michigan	071	Iron County
MI	26	Michigan	073	Isabella County
MI	26	Michigan	075	Jackson County
MI	26	Michigan	077	Kalamazoo County
MI	26	Michigan	079	Kalkaska County
MI	26	Michigan	081	Kent County
MI	26	Michigan	083	Keweenaw County
MI	26	Michigan	085	Lake County
MI	26	Michigan	087	Lapeer County
MI	26	Michigan	089	Leelanau County
MI	26	Michigan	091	Lenawee County
MI	26	Michigan	093	Livingston County
MI	26	Michigan	095	Luce County
MI	26	Michigan	097	Mackinac County
MI	26	Michigan	099	Macomb County
MI	26	Michigan	101	Manistee County
MI	26	Michigan	103	Marquette County
MI	26	Michigan	105	Mason County
MI	26	Michigan	107	Mecosta County
MI	26	Michigan	109	Menominee County
MI	26	Michigan	111	Midland County
MI	26	Michigan	113	Missaukee County
MI	26	Michigan	115	Monroe County
MI	26	Michigan	117	Montcalm County
MI	26	Michigan	119	Montmorency County
MI	26	Michigan	121	Muskegon County
MI	26	Michigan	123	Newaygo County
MI	26	Michigan	125	Oakland County
MI	26	Michigan	127	Oceana County
MI	26	Michigan	129	Ogemaw County
MI	26	Michigan	131	Ontonagon County
MI	26	Michigan	133	Osceola County
MI	26	Michigan	135	Oscoda County
MI	26	Michigan	137	Otsego County
MI	26	Michigan	139	Ottawa County
MI	26	Michigan	141	Presque Isle County
MI	26	Michigan	143	Roscommon County
MI	26	Michigan	145	Saginaw County
MI	26	Michigan	147	St. Clair County
MI	26	Michigan	149	St. Joseph County
MI	26	Michigan	151	Sanilac County
MI	26	Michigan	153	Schoolcraft County
MI	26	Michigan	155	Shiawassee County
MI	26	Michigan	157	Tuscola County
MI	26	Michigan	159	Van Buren County
MI	26	Michigan	161	Washtenaw County
MI	26	Michigan	163	Wayne County
MI	26	Michigan	165	Wexford County
MN	27	Minnesota	001	Aitkin County
MN	27	Minnesota	003	Anoka County
MN	27	Minnesota	005	Becker County
MN	27	Minnesota	007	Beltrami County
MN	27	Minnesota	009	Benton County
MN	27	Minnesota	011	Big Stone County
MN	27	Minnesota	013	Blue Earth County
MN	27	Minnesota	015	Brown County
MN	27	Minnesota	017	Carlton County
MN	27	Minnesota	019	Carver County
MN	27	Minnesota	021	Cass County
MN	27	Minnesota	023	Chippewa County
MN	27	Minnesota	025	Chisago County
MN	27	Minnesota	027	Clay County
MN	27	Minnesota	029	Clearwater County
MN	27	Minnesota	031	Cook County
MN	27	Minnesota	033	Cottonwood County
MN	27	Minnesota	035	Crow Wing County
MN	27	Minnesota	037	Dakota County
MN	27	Minnesota	039	Dodge County
MN	27	Minnesota	041	Douglas County
MN	27	Minnesota	043	Faribault County
MN	27	Minnesota	045	Fillmore County
MN	27	Minnesota	047	Freeborn County
MN	27	Minnesota	049	Goodhue County
MN	27	Minnesota	051	Grant County
MN	27	Minnesota	053	Hennepin County
MN	27	Minnesota	055	Houston County
MN	27	Minnesota	057	Hubbard County
MN	27	Minnesota	059	Isanti County
MN	27	Minnesota	061	Itasca County
MN	27	Minnesota	063	Jackson County
MN	27	Minnesota	065	Kanabec County
MN	27	Minnesota	067	Kandiyohi County
MN	27	Minnesota	069	Kittson County
MN	27	Minnesota	071	Koochiching County
MN	27	Minnesota	073	Lac qui Parle County
MN	27	Minnesota	075	Lake County
MN	27	Minnesota	077	Lake of the Woods County
MN	27	Minnesota	079	Le Sueur County
MN	27	Minnesota	081	Lincoln County
MN	27	Minnesota	083	Lyon County
MN	27	Minnesota	085	McLeod County
MN	27	Minnesota	087	Mahnomen County
MN	27	Minnesota	089	Marshall County
MN	27	Minnesota	091	Martin County
MN	27	Minnesota	093	Meeker County
MN	27	Minnesota	095	Mille Lacs County
MN	27	Minnesota	097	Morrison County
MN	27	Minnesota	099	Mower County
MN	27	Minnesota	101	Murray County
MN	27	Minnesota	103	Nicollet County
MN	27	Minnesota	105	Nobles County
MN	27	Minnesota	107	Norman County
MN	27	Minnesota	109	Olmsted County
MN	27	Minnesota	111	Otter Tail County
MN	27	Minnesota	113	Pennington County
MN	27	Minnesota	115	Pine County
MN	27	Minnesota	117	Pipestone County
MN	27	Minnesota	119	Polk County
MN	27	Minnesota	121	Pope County
MN	27	Minnesota	123	Ramsey County
MN	27	Minnesota	125	Red Lake County
MN	27	Minnesota	127	Redwood County
MN	27	Minnesota	129	Renville County
MN	27	Minnesota	131	Rice County
MN	27	Minnesota	133	Rock County
MN	27	Minnesota	135	Roseau County
MN	27	Minnesota	137	St. Louis County
MN	27	Minnesota	139	Scott County
MN	27	Minnesota	141	Sherburne County
MN	27	Minnesota	143	Sibley County
MN	27	Minnesota	145	Stearns County
MN	27	Minnesota	147	Steele County
MN	27	Minnesota	149	Stevens County
MN	27	Minnesota	151	Swift County
MN	27	Minnesota	153	Todd County
MN	27	Minnesota	155	Traverse County
MN	27	Minnesota	157	Wabasha County
MN	27	Minnesota	159	Wadena County
MN	27	Minnesota	161	Waseca County
MN	27	Minnesota	163	Washington County
MN	27	Minnesota	165	Watonwan County
MN	27	Minnesota	167	Wilkin County
MN	27	Minnesota	169	Winona County
MN	27	Minnesota	171	Wright County
MN	27	Minnesota	173	Yellow Medicine County
MS	28	Mississippi	001	Adams County
MS	28	Mississippi	003	Alcorn County
MS	28	Mississippi	005	Amite County
MS	28	Mississippi	007	Attala County
MS	28	Mississippi	009	Benton County
MS	28	Mississippi	011	Bolivar County
MS	28	Mississippi	013	Calhoun County
MS	28	Mississippi	015	Carroll County
MS	28	Mississippi	017	Chickasaw County
MS	28	Mississippi	019	Choctaw County
MS	28	Mississippi	021	Claiborne County
MS	28	Mississippi	023	Clarke County
MS	28	Mississippi	025	Clay County
MS	28	Mississippi	027	Coahoma County
MS	28	Mississippi	029	Copiah County
MS	28	Mississippi	031	Covington County
MS	28	Mississippi	033	DeSoto County
MS	28	Mississippi	035	Forrest County
MS	28	Mississippi	037	Franklin County
MS	28	Mississippi	039	George County
MS	28	Mississippi	041	Greene County
MS	28	Mississippi	043	Grenada County
MS	28	Mississippi	045	Hancock County
MS	28	Mississippi	047	Harrison County
MS	28	Mississippi	049	Hinds County
MS	28	Mississippi	051	Holmes County
MS	28	Mississippi	053	Humphreys County
MS	28	Mississippi	055	Issaquena County
MS	28	Mississippi	057	Itawamba County
MS	28	Mississippi	059	Jackson County
MS	28	Mississippi	061	Jasper County
MS	28	Mississippi	063	Jefferson County
MS	28	Mississippi	065	Jefferson Davis County
MS	28	Mississippi	067	Jones County
MS	28	Mississippi	069	Kemper County
MS	28	Mississippi	071	Lafayette County
MS	28	Mississippi	073	Lamar County
MS	28	Mississippi	075	Lauderdale County
MS	28	Mississippi	077	Lawrence County
MS	28	Mississippi	079	Leake County
MS	28	Mississippi	081	Lee County
MS	28	Mississippi	083	Leflore County
MS	28	Mississippi	085	Lincoln County
MS	28	Mississippi	087	Lowndes County
MS	28	Mississippi	089	Madison County
MS	28	Mississippi	091	Marion County
MS	28	Mississippi	093	Marshall County
MS	28	Mississippi	095	Monroe County
MS	28	Mississippi	097	Montgomery County
MS	28	Mississippi	099	Neshoba County
MS	28	Mississippi	101	Newton County
MS	28	Mississippi	103	Noxubee County
MS	28	Mississippi	105	Oktibbeha County
MS	28	Mississippi	107	Panola County
MS	28	Mississippi	109	Pearl River County
MS	28	Mississippi	111	Perry County
MS	28	Mississippi	113	Pike County
MS	28	Mississippi	115	Pontotoc County
MS	28	Mississippi	117	Prentiss County
MS	28	Mississippi	119	Quitman County
MS	28	Mississippi	121	Rankin County
MS	28	Mississippi	123	Scott County
MS	28	Mississippi	125	Sharkey County
MS	28	Mississippi	127	Simpson County
MS	28	Mississippi	129	Smith County
MS	28	Mississippi	131	Stone County
MS	28	Mississippi	133	Sunflower County
MS	28	Mississippi	135	Tallahatchie County
MS	28	Mississippi	137	Tate County
MS	28	Mississippi	139	Tippah County
MS	28	Mississippi	141	Tishomingo County
MS	28	Mississippi	143	Tunica County
MS	28	Mississippi	145	Union County
MS	28	Mississippi	147	Walthall County
MS	28	Mississippi	149	Warren County
MS	28	Mississippi	151	Washington County
MS	28	Mississippi	153	Wayne County
MS	28	Mississippi	155	Webster County
MS	28	Mississippi	157	Wilkinson County
MS	28	Mississippi	159	Winston County
MS	28	Mississippi	161	Yalobusha County
MS	28	Mississippi	163	Yazoo County
MO	29	Missouri	001	Adair County
MO	29	Missouri	003	Andrew County
MO	29	Missouri	005	Atchison County
MO	29	Missouri	007	Audrain County
MO	29	Missouri	009	Barry County
MO	29	Missouri	011	Barton County
MO	29	Missouri	013	Bates County
MO	29	Missouri	015	Benton County
MO	29	Missouri	017	Bollinger County
MO	29	Missouri	019	Boone County
MO	29	Missouri	021	Buchanan County
MO	29	Missouri	023	Butler County
MO	29	Missouri	025	Caldwell County
MO	29	Missouri	027	Callaway County
MO	29	Missouri	029	Camden County
MO	29	Missouri	031	Cape Girardeau County
MO	29	Missouri	033	Carroll County
MO	29	Missouri	035	Carter County
MO	29	Missouri	037	Cass County
MO	29	Missouri	039	Cedar County
MO	29	Missouri	041	Chariton County
MO	29	Missouri	043	Christian County
MO	29	Missouri	045	Clark County
MO	29	Missouri	047	Clay County
MO	29	Missouri	049	Clinton County
MO	29	Missouri	051	Cole County
MO	29	Missouri	053	Cooper County
MO	29	Missouri	055	Crawford County
MO	29	Missouri	057	Dade County
MO	29	Missouri	059	Dallas County
MO	29	Missouri	061	Daviess County
MO	29	Missouri	063	DeKalb County
MO	29	Missouri	065	Dent County
MO	29	Missouri	067	Douglas County
MO	29	Missouri	069	Dunklin County
MO	29	Missouri	071	Franklin County
MO	29	Missouri	073	Gasconade County
MO	29	Missouri	075	Gentry County
MO	29	Missouri	077	Greene County
MO	29	Missouri	079	Grundy County
MO	29	Missouri	081	Harrison County
MO	29	Missouri	083	Henry County
MO	29	Missouri	085	Hickory County
MO	29	Missouri	087	Holt County
MO	29	Missouri	089	Howard County
MO	29	Missouri	091	Howell County
MO	29	Missouri	093	Iron County
MO	29	Missouri	095	Jackson County
MO	29	Missouri	097	Jasper County
MO	29	Missouri	099	Jefferson County
MO	29	Missouri	101	Johnson County
MO	29	Missouri	103	Knox County
MO	29	Missouri	105	Laclede County
MO	29	Missouri	107	Lafayette County
MO	29	Missouri	109	Lawrence County
MO	29	Missouri	111	Lewis County
MO	29	Missouri	113	Lincoln County
MO	29	Missouri	115	Linn County
MO	29	Missouri	117	Livingston County
MO	29	Missouri	119	McDonald County
MO	29	Missouri	121	Macon County
MO	29	Missouri	123	Madison County
MO	29	Missouri	125	Maries County
MO	29	Missouri	127	Marion County
MO	29	Missouri	129	Mercer County
MO	29	Missouri	131	Miller County
MO	29	Missouri	133	Mississippi County
MO	29	Missouri	135	Moniteau County
MO	29	Missouri	137	Monroe County
MO	29	Missouri	139	Montgomery County
MO	29	Missouri	141	Morgan County
MO	29	Missouri	143	New Madrid County
MO	29	Missouri	145	Newton County
MO	29	Missouri	147	Nodaway County
MO	29	Missouri	149	Oregon County
MO	29	Missouri	151	Osage County
MO	29	Missouri	153	Ozark County
MO	29	Missouri	155	Pemiscot County
MO	29	Missouri	157	Perry County
MO	29	Missouri	159	Pettis County
MO	29	Missouri	161	Phelps County
MO	29	Missouri	163	Pike County
MO	29	Missouri	165	Platte County
MO	29	Missouri	167	Polk County
MO	29	Missouri	169	Pulaski County
MO	29	Missouri	171	Putnam County
MO	29	Missouri	173	Ralls County
MO	29	Missouri	175	Randolph County
MO	29	Missouri	177	Ray County
MO	29	Missouri	179	Reynolds County
MO	29	Missouri	181	Ripley County
MO	29	Missouri	183	St. Charles County
MO	29	Missouri	185	St. Clair County
MO	29	Missouri	186	Ste. Genevieve County
MO	29	Missouri	187	St. Francois County
MO	29	Missouri	189	St. Louis County
MO	29	Missouri	195	Saline County
MO	29	Missouri	197	Schuyler County
MO	29	Missouri	199	Scotland County
MO	29	Missouri	201	Scott County
MO	29	Missouri	203	Shannon County
MO	29	Missouri	205	Shelby County
MO	29	Missouri	207	Stoddard County
MO	29	Missouri	209	Stone County
MO	29	Missouri	211	Sullivan County
MO	29	Missouri	213	Taney County
MO	29	Missouri	215	Texas County
MO	29	Missouri	217	Vernon County
MO	29	Missouri	219	Warren County
MO	29	Missouri	221	Washington County
MO	29	Missouri	223	Wayne County
MO	29	Missouri	225	Webster County
MO	29	Missouri	227	Worth County
MO	29	Missouri	229	Wright County
MO	29	Missouri	510	St. Louis city
MT	30	Montana	001	Beaverhead County
MT	30	Montana	003	Big Horn County
MT	30	Montana	005	Blaine County
MT	30	Montana	007	Broadwater County
MT	30	Montana	009	Carbon County
MT	30	Montana	011	Carter County
MT	30	Montana	013	Cascade County
MT	30	Montana	015	Chouteau County
MT	30	Montana	017	Custer County
MT	30	Montana	019	Daniels County
MT	30	Montana	021	Dawson County
MT	30	Montana	023	Deer Lodge County
MT	30	Montana	025	Fallon County
MT	30	Montana	027	Fergus County
MT	30	Montana	029	Flathead County
MT	30	Montana	031	Gallatin County
MT	30	Montana	033	Garfield County
MT	30	Montana	035	Glacier County
MT	30	Montana	037	Golden Valley County
MT	30	Montana	039	Granite County
MT	30	Montana	041	Hill County
MT	30	Montana	043	Jefferson County
MT	30	Montana	045	Judith Basin County
MT	30	Montana	047	Lake County
MT	30	Montana	049	Lewis and Clark County
MT	30	Montana	051	Liberty County
MT	30	Montana	053	Lincoln County
MT	30	Montana	055	McCone County
MT	30	Montana	057	Madison County
MT	30	Montana	059	Meagher County
MT	30	Montana	061	Mineral County
MT	30	Montana	063	Missoula County
MT	30	Montana	065	Musselshell County
MT	30	Montana	067	Park County
MT	30	Montana	069	Petroleum County
MT	30	Montana	071	Phillips County
MT	30	Montana	073	Pondera County
MT	30	Montana	075	Powder River County
MT	30	Montana	077	Powell County
MT	30	Montana	079	Prairie County
MT	30	Montana	081	Ravalli County
MT	30	Montana	083	Richland County
MT	30	Montana	085	Roosevelt County
MT	30	Montana	087	Rosebud County
MT	30	Montana	089	Sanders County
MT	30	Montana	091	Sheridan County
MT	30	Montana	093	Silver Bow County
MT	30	Montana	095	Stillwater County
MT	30	Montana	097	Sweet Grass County
MT	30	Montana	099	Teton County
MT	30	Montana	101	Toole County
MT	30	Montana	103	Treasure County
MT	30	Montana	105	Valley County
MT	30	Montana	107	Wheatland County
MT	30	Montana	109	Wibaux County
MT	30	Montana	111	Yellowstone County
MT	30	Montana	113	Yellowstone National Park
NE	31	Nebraska	001	Adams County
NE	31	Nebraska	003	Antelope County
NE	31	Nebraska	005	Arthur County
NE	31	Nebraska	007	Banner County
NE	31	Nebraska	009	Blaine County
NE	31	Nebraska	011	Boone County
NE	31	Nebraska	013	Box Butte County
NE	31	Nebraska	015	Boyd County
NE	31	Nebraska	017	Brown County
NE	31	Nebraska	019	Buffalo County
NE	31	Nebraska	021	Burt County
NE	31	Nebraska	023	Butler County
NE	31	Nebraska	025	Cass County
NE	31	Nebraska	027	Cedar County
NE	31	Nebraska	029	Chase County
NE	31	Nebraska	031	Cherry County
NE	31	Nebraska	033	Cheyenne County
NE	31	Nebraska	035	Clay County
NE	31	Nebraska	037	Colfax County
NE	31	Nebraska	039	Cuming County
NE	31	Nebraska	041	Custer County
NE	31	Nebraska	043	Dakota County
NE	31	Nebraska	045	Dawes County
NE	31	Nebraska	047	Dawson County
NE	31	Nebraska	049	Deuel County
NE	31	Nebraska	051	Dixon County
NE	31	Nebraska	053	Dodge County
NE	31	Nebraska	055	Douglas County
NE	31	Nebraska	057	Dundy County
NE	31	Nebraska	059	Fillmore County
NE	31	Nebraska	061	Franklin County
NE	31	Nebraska	063	Frontier County
NE	31	Nebraska	065	Furnas County
NE	31	Nebraska	067	Gage County
NE	31	Nebraska	069	Garden County
NE	31	Nebraska	071	Garfield County
NE	31	Nebraska	073	Gosper County
NE	31	Nebraska	075	Grant County
NE	31	Nebraska	077	Greeley County
NE	31	Nebraska	079	Hall County
NE	31	Nebraska	081	Hamilton County
NE	31	Nebraska	083	Harlan County
NE	31	Nebraska	085	Hayes County
NE	31	Nebraska	087	Hitchcock County
NE	31	Nebraska	089	Holt County
NE	31	Nebraska	091	Hooker County
NE	31	Nebraska	093	Howard County
NE	31	Nebraska	095	Jefferson County
NE	31	Nebraska	097	Johnson County
NE	31	Nebraska	099	Kearney County
NE	31	Nebraska	101	Keith County
NE	31	Nebraska	103	Keya Paha County
NE	31	Nebraska	105	Kimball County
NE	31	Nebraska	107	Knox County
NE	31	Nebraska	109	Lancaster County
NE	31	Nebraska	111	Lincoln County
NE	31	Nebraska	113	Logan County
NE	31	Nebraska	115	Loup County
NE	31	Nebraska	117	McPherson County
NE	31	Nebraska	119	Madison County
NE	31	Nebraska	121	Merrick County
NE	31	Nebraska	123	Morrill County
NE	31	Nebraska	125	Nance County
NE	31	Nebraska	127	Nemaha County
NE	31	Nebraska	129	Nuckolls County
NE	31	Nebraska	131	Otoe County
NE	31	Nebraska	133	Pawnee County
NE	31	Nebraska	135	Perkins County
NE	31	Nebraska	137	Phelps County
NE	31	Nebraska	139	Pierce County
NE	31	Nebraska	141	Platte County
NE	31	Nebraska	143	Polk County
NE	31	Nebraska	145	Red Willow County
NE	31	Nebraska	147	Richardson County
NE	31	Nebraska	149	Rock County
NE	31	Nebraska	151	Saline County
NE	31	Nebraska	153	Sarpy County
NE	31	Nebraska	155	Saunders County
NE	31	Nebraska	157	Scotts Bluff County
NE	31	Nebraska	159	Seward County
NE	31	Nebraska	161	Sheridan County
NE	31	Nebraska	163	Sherman County
NE	31	Nebraska	165	Sioux County
NE	31	Nebraska	167	Stanton County
NE	31	Nebraska	169	Thayer County
NE	31	Nebraska	171	Thomas County
NE	31	Nebraska	173	Thurston County
NE	31	Nebraska	175	Valley County
NE	31	Nebraska	177	Washington County
NE	31	Nebraska	179	Wayne County
NE	31	Nebraska	181	Webster County
NE	31	Nebraska	183	Wheeler County
NE	31	Nebraska	185	York County
NV	32	Nevada	001	Churchill County
NV	32	Nevada	003	Clark County
NV	32	Nevada	005	Douglas County
NV	32	Nevada	007	Elko County
NV	32	Nevada	009	Esmeralda County
NV	32	Nevada	011	Eureka County
NV	32	Nevada	013	Humboldt County
NV	32	Nevada	015	Lander County
NV	32	Nevada	017	Lincoln County
NV	32	Nevada	019	Lyon County
NV	32	Nevada	021	Mineral County
NV	32	Nevada	023	Nye County
NV	32	Nevada	027	Pershing County
NV	32	Nevada	029	Storey County
NV	32	Nevada	031	Washoe County
NV	32	Nevada	033	White Pine County
NV	32	Nevada	510	Carson City
NH	33	New Hampshire	001	Belknap County
NH	33	New Hampshire	003	Carroll County
NH	33	New Hampshire	005	Cheshire County
NH	33	New Hampshire	007	Coos County
NH	33	New Hampshire	009	Grafton County
NH	33	New Hampshire	011	Hillsborough County
NH	33	New Hampshire	013	Merrimack County
NH	33	New Hampshire	015	Rockingham County
NH	33	New Hampshire	017	Strafford County
NH	33	New Hampshire	019	Sullivan County
NJ	34	New Jersey	001	Atlantic County
NJ	34	New Jersey	003	Bergen County
NJ	34	New Jersey	005	Burlington County
NJ	34	New Jersey	007	Camden County
NJ	34	New Jersey	009	Cape May County
NJ	34	New Jersey	011	Cumberland County
NJ	34	New Jersey	013	Essex County
NJ	34	New Jersey	015	Gloucester County
NJ	34	New Jersey	017	Hudson County
NJ	34	New Jersey	019	Hunterdon County
NJ	34	New Jersey	021	Mercer County
NJ	34	New Jersey	023	Middlesex County
NJ	34	New Jersey	025	Monmouth County
NJ	34	New Jersey	027	Morris County
NJ	34	New Jersey	029	Ocean County
NJ	34	New Jersey	031	Passaic County
NJ	34	New Jersey	033	Salem County
NJ	34	New Jersey	035	Somerset County
NJ	34	New Jersey	037	Sussex County
NJ	34	New Jersey	039	Union County
NJ	34	New Jersey	041	Warren County
NM	35	New Mexico	001	Bernalillo County
NM	35	New Mexico	003	Catron County
NM	35	New Mexico	005	Chaves County
NM	35	New Mexico	006	Cibola County
NM	35	New Mexico	007	Colfax County
NM	35	New Mexico	009	Curry County
NM	35	New Mexico	011	De Baca County
NM	35	New Mexico	013	Dona Ana County
NM	35	New Mexico	015	Eddy County
NM	35	New Mexico	017	Grant County
NM	35	New Mexico	019	Guadalupe County
NM	35	New Mexico	021	Harding County
NM	35	New Mexico	023	Hidalgo County
NM	35	New Mexico	025	Lea County
NM	35	New Mexico	027	Lincoln County
NM	35	New Mexico	028	Los Alamos County
NM	35	New Mexico	029	Luna County
NM	35	New Mexico	031	McKinley County
NM	35	New Mexico	033	Mora County
NM	35	New Mexico	035	Otero County
NM	35	New Mexico	037	Quay County
NM	35	New Mexico	039	Rio Arriba County
NM	35	New Mexico	041	Roosevelt County
NM	35	New Mexico	043	Sandoval County
NM	35	New Mexico	045	San Juan County
NM	35	New Mexico	047	San Miguel County
NM	35	New Mexico	049	Santa Fe County
NM	35	New Mexico	051	Sierra County
NM	35	New Mexico	053	Socorro County
NM	35	New Mexico	055	Taos County
NM	35	New Mexico	057	Torrance County
NM	35	New Mexico	059	Union County
NM	35	New Mexico	061	Valencia County
NY	36	New York	001	Albany County
NY	36	New York	003	Allegany County
NY	36	New York	005	Bronx County
NY	36	New York	007	Broome County
NY	36	New York	009	Cattaraugus County
NY	36	New York	011	Cayuga County
NY	36	New York	013	Chautauqua County
NY	36	New York	015	Chemung County
NY	36	New York	017	Chenango County
NY	36	New York	019	Clinton County
NY	36	New York	021	Columbia County
NY	36	New York	023	Cortland County
NY	36	New York	025	Delaware County
NY	36	New York	027	Dutchess County
NY	36	New York	029	Erie County
NY	36	New York	031	Essex County
NY	36	New York	033	Franklin County
NY	36	New York	035	Fulton County
NY	36	New York	037	Genesee County
NY	36	New York	039	Greene County
NY	36	New York	041	Hamilton County
NY	36	New York	043	Herkimer County
NY	36	New York	045	Jefferson County
NY	36	New York	047	Kings County
NY	36	New York	049	Lewis County
NY	36	New York	051	Livingston County
NY	36	New York	053	Madison County
NY	36	New York	055	Monroe County
NY	36	New York	057	Montgomery County
NY	36	New York	059	Nassau County
NY	36	New York	061	New York County
NY	36	New York	063	Niagara County
NY	36	New York	065	Oneida County
NY	36	New York	067	Onondaga County
NY	36	New York	069	Ontario County
NY	36	New York	071	Orange County
NY	36	New York	073	Orleans County
NY	36	New York	075	Oswego County
NY	36	New York	077	Otsego County
NY	36	New York	079	Putnam County
NY	36	New York	081	Queens County
NY	36	New York	083	Rensselaer County
NY	36	New York	085	Richmond County
NY	36	New York	087	Rockland County
NY	36	New York	089	St. Lawrence County
NY	36	New York	091	Saratoga County
NY	36	New York	093	Schenectady County
NY	36	New York	095	Schoharie County
NY	36	New York	097	Schuyler County
NY	36	New York	099	Seneca County
NY	36	New York	101	Steuben County
NY	36	New York	103	Suffolk County
NY	36	New York	105	Sullivan County
NY	36	New York	107	Tioga County
NY	36	New York	109	Tompkins County
NY	36	New York	111	Ulster County
NY	36	New York	113	Warren County
NY	36	New York	115	Washington County
NY	36	New York	117	Wayne County
NY	36	New York	119	Westchester County
NY	36	New York	121	Wyoming County
NY	36	New York	123	Yates County
NC	37	North Carolina	001	Alamance County
NC	37	North Carolina	003	Alexander County
NC	37	North Carolina	005	Alleghany County
NC	37	North Carolina	007	Anson County
NC	37	North Carolina	009	Ashe County
NC	37	North Carolina	011	Avery County
NC	37	North Carolina	013	Beaufort County
NC	37	North Carolina	015	Bertie County
NC	37	North Carolina	017	Bladen County
NC	37	North Carolina	019	Brunswick County
NC	37	North Carolina	021	Buncombe County
NC	37	North Carolina	023	Burke County
NC	37	North Carolina	025	Cabarrus County
NC	37	North Carolina	027	Caldwell County
NC	37	North Carolina	029	Camden County
NC	37	North Carolina	031	Carteret County
NC	37	North Carolina	033	Caswell County
NC	37	North Carolina	035	Catawba County
NC	37	North Carolina	037	Chatham County
NC	37	North Carolina	039	Cherokee County
NC	37	North Carolina	041	Chowan County
NC	37	North Carolina	043	Clay County
NC	37	North Carolina	045	Cleveland County
NC	37	North Carolina	047	Columbus County
NC	37	North Carolina	049	Craven County
NC	37	North Carolina	051	Cumberland County
NC	37	North Carolina	053	Currituck County
NC	37	North Carolina	055	Dare County
NC	37	North Carolina	057	Davidson County
NC	37	North Carolina	059	Davie County
NC	37	North Carolina	061	Duplin County
NC	37	North Carolina	063	Durham County
NC	37	North Carolina	065	Edgecombe County
NC	37	North Carolina	067	Forsyth County
NC	37	North Carolina	069	Franklin County
NC	37	North Carolina	071	Gaston County
NC	37	North Carolina	073	Gates County
NC	37	North Carolina	075	Graham County
NC	37	North Carolina	077	Granville County
NC	37	North Carolina	079	Greene County
NC	37	North Carolina	081	Guilford County
NC	37	North Carolina	083	Halifax County
NC	37	North Carolina	085	Harnett County
NC	37	North Carolina	087	Haywood County
NC	37	North Carolina	089	Henderson County
NC	37	North Carolina	091	Hertford County
NC	37	North Carolina	093	Hoke County
NC	37	North Carolina	095	Hyde County
NC	37	North Carolina	097	Iredell County
NC	37	North Carolina	099	Jackson County
NC	37	North Carolina	101	Johnston County
NC	37	North Carolina	103	Jones County
NC	37	North Carolina	105	Lee County
NC	37	North Carolina	107	Lenoir County
NC	37	North Carolina	109	Lincoln County
NC	37	North Carolina	111	McDowell County
NC	37	North Carolina	113	Macon County
NC	37	North Carolina	115	Madison County
NC	37	North Carolina	117	Martin County
NC	37	North Carolina	119	Mecklenburg County
NC	37	North Carolina	121	Mitchell County
NC	37	North Carolina	123	Montgomery County
NC	37	North Carolina	125	Moore County
NC	37	North Carolina	127	Nash County
NC	37	North Carolina	129	New Hanover County
NC	37	North Carolina	131	Northampton County
NC	37	North Carolina	133	Onslow County
NC	37	North Carolina	135	Orange County
NC	37	North Carolina	137	Pamlico County
NC	37	North Carolina	139	Pasquotank County
NC	37	North Carolina	141	Pender County
NC	37	North Carolina	143	Perquimans County
NC	37	North Carolina	145	Person County
NC	37	North Carolina	147	Pitt County
NC	37	North Carolina	149	Polk County
NC	37	North Carolina	151	Randolph County
NC	37	North Carolina	153	Richmond County
NC	37	North Carolina	155	Robeson County
NC	37	North Carolina	157	Rockingham County
NC	37	North Carolina	159	Rowan County
NC	37	North Carolina	161	Rutherford County
NC	37	North Carolina	163	Sampson County
NC	37	North Carolina	165	Scotland County
NC	37	North Carolina	167	Stanly County
NC	37	North Carolina	169	Stokes County
NC	37	North Carolina	171	Surry County
NC	37	North Carolina	173	Swain County
NC	37	North Carolina	175	Transylvania County
NC	37	North Carolina	177	Tyrrell County
NC	37	North Carolina	179	Union County
NC	37	North Carolina	181	Vance County
NC	37	North Carolina	183	Wake County
NC	37	North Carolina	185	Warren County
NC	37	North Carolina	187	Washington County
NC	37	North Carolina	189	Watauga County
NC	37	North Carolina	191	Wayne County
NC	37	North Carolina	193	Wilkes County
NC	37	North Carolina	195	Wilson County
NC	37	North Carolina	197	Yadkin County
NC	37	North Carolina	199	Yancey County
ND	38	North Dakota	001	Adams County
ND	38	North Dakota	003	Barnes County
ND	38	North Dakota	005	Benson County
ND	38	North Dakota	007	Billings County
ND	38	North Dakota	009	Bottineau County
ND	38	North Dakota	011	Bowman County
ND	38	North Dakota	013	Burke County
ND	38	North Dakota	015	Burleigh County
ND	38	North Dakota	017	Cass County
ND	38	North Dakota	019	Cavalier County
ND	38	North Dakota	021	Dickey County
ND	38	North Dakota	023	Divide County
ND	38	North Dakota	025	Dunn County
ND	38	North Dakota	027	Eddy County
ND	38	North Dakota	029	Emmons County
ND	38	North Dakota	031	Foster County
ND	38	North Dakota	033	Golden Valley County
ND	38	North Dakota	035	Grand Forks County
ND	38	North Dakota	037	Grant County
ND	38	North Dakota	039	Griggs County
ND	38	North Dakota	041	Hettinger County
ND	38	North Dakota	043	Kidder County
ND	38	North Dakota	045	LaMoure County
ND	38	North Dakota	047	Logan County
ND	38	North Dakota	049	McHenry County
ND	38	North Dakota	051	McIntosh County
ND	38	North Dakota	053	McKenzie County
ND	38	North Dakota	055	McLean County
ND	38	North Dakota	057	Mercer County
ND	38	North Dakota	059	Morton County
ND	38	North Dakota	061	Mountrail County
ND	38	North Dakota	063	Nelson County
ND	38	North Dakota	065	Oliver County
ND	38	North Dakota	067	Pembina County
ND	38	North Dakota	069	Pierce County
ND	38	North Dakota	071	Ramsey County
ND	38	North Dakota	073	Ransom County
ND	38	North Dakota	075	Renville County
ND	38	North Dakota	077	Richland County
ND	38	North Dakota	079	Rolette County
ND	38	North Dakota	081	Sargent County
ND	38	North Dakota	083	Sheridan County
ND	38	North Dakota	085	Sioux County
ND	38	North Dakota	087	Slope County
ND	38	North Dakota	089	Stark County
ND	38	North Dakota	091	Steele County
ND	38	North Dakota	093	Stutsman County
ND	38	North Dakota	095	Towner County
ND	38	North Dakota	097	Traill County
ND	38	North Dakota	099	Walsh County
ND	38	North Dakota	101	Ward County
ND	38	North Dakota	103	Wells County
ND	38	North Dakota	105	Williams County
OH	39	Ohio	001	Adams County
OH	39	Ohio	003	Allen County
OH	39	Ohio	005	Ashland County
OH	39	Ohio	007	Ashtabula County
OH	39	Ohio	009	Athens County
OH	39	Ohio	011	Auglaize County
OH	39	Ohio	013	Belmont County
OH	39	Ohio	015	Brown County
OH	39	Ohio	017	Butler County
OH	39	Ohio	019	Carroll County
OH	39	Ohio	021	Champaign County
OH	39	Ohio	023	Clark County
OH	39	Ohio	025	Clermont County
OH	39	Ohio	027	Clinton County
OH	39	Ohio	029	Columbiana County
OH	39	Ohio	031	Coshocton County
OH	39	Ohio	033	Crawford County
OH	39	Ohio	035	Cuyahoga County
OH	39	Ohio	037	Darke County
OH	39	Ohio	039	Defiance County
OH	39	Ohio	041	Delaware County
OH	39	Ohio	043	Erie County
OH	39	Ohio	045	Fairfield County
OH	39	Ohio	047	Fayette County
OH	39	Ohio	049	Franklin County
OH	39	Ohio	051	Fulton County
OH	39	Ohio	053	Gallia County
OH	39	Ohio	055	Geauga County
OH	39	Ohio	057	Greene County
OH	39	Ohio	059	Guernsey County
OH	39	Ohio	061	Hamilton County
OH	39	Ohio	063	Hancock County
OH	39	Ohio	065	Hardin County
OH	39	Ohio	067	Harrison County
OH	39	Ohio	069	Henry County
OH	39	Ohio	071	Highland County
OH	39	Ohio	073	Hocking County
OH	39	Ohio	075	Holmes County
OH	39	Ohio	077	Huron County
OH	39	Ohio	079	Jackson County
OH	39	Ohio	081	Jefferson County
OH	39	Ohio	083	Knox County
OH	39	Ohio	085	Lake County
OH	39	Ohio	087	Lawrence County
OH	39	Ohio	089	Licking County
OH	39	Ohio	091	Logan County
OH	39	Ohio	093	Lorain County
OH	39	Ohio	095	Lucas County
OH	39	Ohio	097	Madison County
OH	39	Ohio	099	Mahoning County
OH	39	Ohio	101	Marion County
OH	39	Ohio	103	Medina County
OH	39	Ohio	105	Meigs County
OH	39	Ohio	107	Mercer County
OH	39	Ohio	109	Miami County
OH	39	Ohio	111	Monroe County
OH	39	Ohio	113	Montgomery County
OH	39	Ohio	115	Morgan County
OH	39	Ohio	117	Morrow County
OH	39	Ohio	119	Muskingum County
OH	39	Ohio	121	Noble County
OH	39	Ohio	123	Ottawa County
OH	39	Ohio	125	Paulding County
OH	39	Ohio	127	Perry County
OH	39	Ohio	129	Pickaway County
OH	39	Ohio	131	Pike County
OH	39	Ohio	133	Portage County
OH	39	Ohio	135	Preble County
OH	39	Ohio	137	Putnam County
OH	39	Ohio	139	Richland County
OH	39	Ohio	141	Ross County
OH	39	Ohio	143	Sandusky County
OH	39	Ohio	145	Scioto County
OH	39	Ohio	147	Seneca County
OH	39	Ohio	149	Shelby County
OH	39	Ohio	151	Stark County
OH	39	Ohio	153	Summit County
OH	39	Ohio	155	Trumbull County
OH	39	Ohio	157	Tuscarawas County
OH	39	Ohio	159	Union County
OH	39	Ohio	161	Van Wert County
OH	39	Ohio	163	Vinton County
OH	39	Ohio	165	Warren County
OH	39	Ohio	167	Washington County
OH	39	Ohio	169	Wayne County
OH	39	Ohio	171	Williams County
OH	39	Ohio	173	Wood County
OH	39	Ohio	175	Wyandot County
OK	40	Oklahoma	001	Adair County
OK	40	Oklahoma	003	Alfalfa County
OK	40	Oklahoma	005	Atoka County
OK	40	Oklahoma	007	Beaver County
OK	40	Oklahoma	009	Beckham County
OK	40	Oklahoma	011	Blaine County
OK	40	Oklahoma	013	Bryan County
OK	40	Oklahoma	015	Caddo County
OK	40	Oklahoma	017	Canadian County
OK	40	Oklahoma	019	Carter County
OK	40	Oklahoma	021	Cherokee County
OK	40	Oklahoma	023	Choctaw County
OK	40	Oklahoma	025	Cimarron County
OK	40	Oklahoma	027	Cleveland County
OK	40	Oklahoma	029	Coal County
OK	40	Oklahoma	031	Comanche County
OK	40	Oklahoma	033	Cotton County
OK	40	Oklahoma	035	Craig County
OK	40	Oklahoma	037	Creek County
OK	40	Oklahoma	039	Custer County
OK	40	Oklahoma	041	Delaware County
OK	40	Oklahoma	043	Dewey County
OK	40	Oklahoma	045	Ellis County
OK	40	Oklahoma	047	Garfield County
OK	40	Oklahoma	049	Garvin County
OK	40	Oklahoma	051	Grady County
OK	40	Oklahoma	053	Grant County
OK	40	Oklahoma	055	Greer County
OK	40	Oklahoma	057	Harmon County
OK	40	Oklahoma	059	Harper County
OK	40	Oklahoma	061	Haskell County
OK	40	Oklahoma	063	Hughes County
OK	40	Oklahoma	065	Jackson County
OK	40	Oklahoma	067	Jefferson County
OK	40	Oklahoma	069	Johnston County
OK	40	Oklahoma	071	Kay County
OK	40	Oklahoma	073	Kingfisher County
OK	40	Oklahoma	075	Kiowa County
OK	40	Oklahoma	077	Latimer County
OK	40	Oklahoma	079	Le Flore County
OK	40	Oklahoma	081	Lincoln County
OK	40	Oklahoma	083	Logan County
OK	40	Oklahoma	085	Love County
OK	40	Oklahoma	087	McClain County
OK	40	Oklahoma	089	McCurtain County
OK	40	Oklahoma	091	McIntosh County
OK	40	Oklahoma	093	Major County
OK	40	Oklahoma	095	Marshall County
OK	40	Oklahoma	097	Mayes County
OK	40	Oklahoma	099	Murray County
OK	40	Oklahoma	101	Muskogee County
OK	40	Oklahoma	103	Noble County
OK	40	Oklahoma	105	Nowata County
OK	40	Oklahoma	107	Okfuskee County
OK	40	Oklahoma	109	Oklahoma County
OK	40	Oklahoma	111	Okmulgee County
OK	40	Oklahoma	113	Osage County
OK	40	Oklahoma	115	Ottawa County
OK	40	Oklahoma	117	Pawnee County
OK	40	Oklahoma	119	Payne County
OK	40	Oklahoma	121	Pittsburg County
OK	40	Oklahoma	123	Pontotoc County
OK	40	Oklahoma	125	Pottawatomie County
OK	40	Oklahoma	127	Pushmataha County
OK	40	Oklahoma	129	Roger Mills County
OK	40	Oklahoma	131	Rogers County
OK	40	Oklahoma	133	Seminole County
OK	40	Oklahoma	135	Sequoyah County
OK	40	Oklahoma	137	Stephens County
OK	40	Oklahoma	139	Texas County
OK	40	Oklahoma	141	Tillman County
OK	40	Oklahoma	143	Tulsa County
OK	40	Oklahoma	145	Wagoner County
OK	40	Oklahoma	147	Washington County
OK	40	Oklahoma	149	Washita County
OK	40	Oklahoma	151	Woods County
OK	40	Oklahoma	153	Woodward County
OR	41	Oregon	001	Baker County
OR	41	Oregon	003	Benton County
OR	41	Oregon	005	Clackamas County
OR	41	Oregon	007	Clatsop County
OR	41	Oregon	009	Columbia County
OR	41	Oregon	011	Coos County
OR	41	Oregon	013	Crook County
OR	41	Oregon	015	Curry County
OR	41	Oregon	017	Deschutes County
OR	41	Oregon	019	Douglas County
OR	41	Oregon	021	Gilliam County
OR	41	Oregon	023	Grant County
OR	41	Oregon	025	Harney County
OR	41	Oregon	027	Hood River County
OR	41	Oregon	029	Jackson County
OR	41	Oregon	031	Jefferson County
OR	41	Oregon	033	Josephine County
OR	41	Oregon	035	Klamath County
OR	41	Oregon	037	Lake County
OR	41	Oregon	039	Lane County
OR	41	Oregon	041	Lincoln County
OR	41	Oregon	043	Linn County
OR	41	Oregon	045	Malheur County
OR	41	Oregon	047	Marion County
OR	41	Oregon	049	Morrow County
OR	41	Oregon	051	Multnomah County
OR	41	Oregon	053	Polk County
OR	41	Oregon	055	Sherman County
OR	41	Oregon	057	Tillamook County
OR	41	Oregon	059	Umatilla County
OR	41	Oregon	061	Union County
OR	41	Oregon	063	Wallowa County
OR	41	Oregon	065	Wasco County
OR	41	Oregon	067	Washington County
OR	41	Oregon	069	Wheeler County
OR	41	Oregon	071	Yamhill County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	001	Adams County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	003	Allegheny County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	005	Armstrong County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	007	Beaver County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	009	Bedford County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	011	Berks County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	013	Blair County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	015	Bradford County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	017	Bucks County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	019	Butler County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	021	Cambria County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	023	Cameron County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	025	Carbon County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	027	Centre County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	029	Chester County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	031	Clarion County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	033	Clearfield County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	035	Clinton County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	037	Columbia County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	039	Crawford County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	041	Cumberland County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	043	Dauphin County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	045	Delaware County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	047	Elk County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	049	Erie County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	051	Fayette County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	053	Forest County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	055	Franklin County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	057	Fulton County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	059	Greene County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	061	Huntingdon County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	063	Indiana County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	065	Jefferson County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	067	Juniata County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	069	Lackawanna County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	071	Lancaster County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	073	Lawrence County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	075	Lebanon County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	077	Lehigh County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	079	Luzerne County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	081	Lycoming County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	083	McKean County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	085	Mercer County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	087	Mifflin County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	089	Monroe County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	091	Montgomery County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	093	Montour County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	095	Northampton County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	097	Northumberland County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	099	Perry County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	101	Philadelphia County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	103	Pike County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	105	Potter County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	107	Schuylkill County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	109	Snyder County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	111	Somerset County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	113	Sullivan County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	115	Susquehanna County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	117	Tioga County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	119	Union County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	121	Venango County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	123	Warren County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	125	Washington County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	127	Wayne County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	129	Westmoreland County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	131	Wyoming County
PA	42	Pennsylvania	133	York County
RI	44	Rhode Island	001	Bristol County
RI	44	Rhode Island	003	Kent County
RI	44	Rhode Island	005	Newport County
RI	44	Rhode Island	007	Providence County
RI	44	Rhode Island	009	Washington County
SC	45	South Carolina	001	Abbeville County
SC	45	South Carolina	003	Aiken County
SC	45	South Carolina	005	Allendale County
SC	45	South Carolina	007	Anderson County
SC	45	South Carolina	009	Bamberg County
SC	45	South Carolina	011	Barnwell County
SC	45	South Carolina	013	Beaufort County
SC	45	South Carolina	015	Berkeley County
SC	45	South Carolina	017	Calhoun County
SC	45	South Carolina	019	Charleston County
SC	45	South Carolina	021	Cherokee County
SC	45	South Carolina	023	Chester County
SC	45	South Carolina	025	Chesterfield County
SC	45	South Carolina	027	Clarendon County
SC	45	South Carolina	029	Colleton County
SC	45	South Carolina	031	Darlington County
SC	45	South Carolina	033	Dillon County
SC	45	South Carolina	035	Dorchester County
SC	45	South Carolina	037	Edgefield County
SC	45	South Carolina	039	Fairfield County
SC	45	South Carolina	041	Florence County
SC	45	South Carolina	043	Georgetown County
SC	45	South Carolina	045	Greenville County
SC	45	South Carolina	047	Greenwood County
SC	45	South Carolina	049	Hampton County
SC	45	South Carolina	051	Horry County
SC	45	South Carolina	053	Jasper County
SC	45	South Carolina	055	Kershaw County
SC	45	South Carolina	057	Lancaster County
SC	45	South Carolina	059	Laurens County
SC	45	South Carolina	061	Lee County
SC	45	South Carolina	063	Lexington County
SC	45	South Carolina	065	McCormick County
SC	45	South Carolina	067	Marion County
SC	45	South Carolina	069	Marlboro County
SC	45	South Carolina	071	Newberry County
SC	45	South Carolina	073	Oconee County
SC	45	South Carolina	075	Orangeburg County
SC	45	South Carolina	077	Pickens County
SC	45	South Carolina	079	Richland County
SC	45	South Carolina	081	Saluda County
SC	45	South Carolina	083	Spartanburg County
SC	45	South Carolina	085	Sumter County
SC	45	South Carolina	087	Union County
SC	45	South Carolina	089	Williamsburg County
SC	45	South Carolina	091	York County
SD	46	South Dakota	003	Aurora County
SD	46	South Dakota	005	Beadle County
SD	46	South Dakota	007	Bennett County
SD	46	South Dakota	009	Bon Homme County
SD	46	South Dakota	011	Brookings County
SD	46	South Dakota	013	Brown County
SD	46	South Dakota	015	Brule County
SD	46	South Dakota	017	Buffalo County
SD	46	South Dakota	019	Butte County
SD	46	South Dakota	021	Campbell County
SD	46	South Dakota	023	Charles Mix County
SD	46	South Dakota	025	Clark County
SD	46	South Dakota	027	Clay County
SD	46	South Dakota	029	Codington County
SD	46	South Dakota	031	Corson County
SD	46	South Dakota	033	Custer County
SD	46	South Dakota	035	Davison County
SD	46	South Dakota	037	Day County
SD	46	South Dakota	039	Deuel County
SD	46	South Dakota	041	Dewey County
SD	46	South Dakota	043	Douglas County
SD	46	South Dakota	045	Edmunds County
SD	46	South Dakota	047	Fall River County
SD	46	South Dakota	049	Faulk County
SD	46	South Dakota	051	Grant County
SD	46	South Dakota	053	Gregory County
SD	46	South Dakota	055	Haakon County
SD	46	South Dakota	057	Hamlin County
SD	46	South Dakota	059	Hand County
SD	46	South Dakota	061	Hanson County
SD	46	South Dakota	063	Harding County
SD	46	South Dakota	065	Hughes County
SD	46	South Dakota	067	Hutchinson County
SD	46	South Dakota	069	Hyde County
SD	46	South Dakota	071	Jackson County
SD	46	South Dakota	073	Jerauld County
SD	46	South Dakota	075	Jones County
SD	46	South Dakota	077	Kingsbury County
SD	46	South Dakota	079	Lake County
SD	46	South Dakota	081	Lawrence County
SD	46	South Dakota	083	Lincoln County
SD	46	South Dakota	085	Lyman County
SD	46	South Dakota	087	McCook County
SD	46	South Dakota	089	McPherson County
SD	46	South Dakota	091	Marshall County
SD	46	South Dakota	093	Meade County
SD	46	South Dakota	095	Mellette County
SD	46	South Dakota	097	Miner County
SD	46	South Dakota	099	Minnehaha County
SD	46	South Dakota	101	Moody County
SD	46	South Dakota	102	Oglala Lakota County
SD	46	South Dakota	103	Pennington County
SD	46	South Dakota	105	Perkins County
SD	46	South Dakota	107	Potter County
SD	46	South Dakota	109	Roberts County
SD	46	South Dakota	111	Sanborn County
SD	46	South Dakota	113	Shannon County
SD	46	South Dakota	115	Spink County
SD	46	South Dakota	117	Stanley County
SD	46	South Dakota	119	Sully County
SD	46	South Dakota	121	Todd County
SD	46	South Dakota	123	Tripp County
SD	46	South Dakota	125	Turner County
SD	46	South Dakota	127	Union County
SD	46	South Dakota	129	Walworth County
SD	46	South Dakota	135	Yankton County
SD	46	South Dakota	137	Ziebach County
TN	47	Tennessee	001	Anderson County
TN	47	Tennessee	003	Bedford County
TN	47	Tennessee	005	Benton County
TN	47	Tennessee	007	Bledsoe County
TN	47	Tennessee	009	Blount County
TN	47	Tennessee	011	Bradley County
TN	47	Tennessee	013	Campbell County
TN	47	Tennessee	015	Cannon County
TN	47	Tennessee	017	Carroll County
TN	47	Tennessee	019	Carter County
TN	47	Tennessee	021	Cheatham County
TN	47	Tennessee	023	Chester County
TN	47	Tennessee	025	Claiborne County
TN	47	Tennessee	027	Clay County
TN	47	Tennessee	029	Cocke County
TN	47	Tennessee	031	Coffee County
TN	47	Tennessee	033	Crockett County
TN	47	Tennessee	035	Cumberland County
TN	47	Tennessee	037	Davidson County
TN	47	Tennessee	039	Decatur County
TN	47	Tennessee	041	DeKalb County
TN	47	Tennessee	043	Dickson County
TN	47	Tennessee	045	Dyer County
TN	47	Tennessee	047	Fayette County
TN	47	Tennessee	049	Fentress County
TN	47	Tennessee	051	Franklin County
TN	47	Tennessee	053	Gibson County
TN	47	Tennessee	055	Giles County
TN	47	Tennessee	057	Grainger County
TN	47	Tennessee	059	Greene County
TN	47	Tennessee	061	Grundy County
TN	47	Tennessee	063	Hamblen County
TN	47	Tennessee	065	Hamilton County
TN	47	Tennessee	067	Hancock County
TN	47	Tennessee	069	Hardeman County
TN	47	Tennessee	071	Hardin County
TN	47	Tennessee	073	Hawkins County
TN	47	Tennessee	075	Haywood County
TN	47	Tennessee	077	Henderson County
TN	47	Tennessee	079	Henry County
TN	47	Tennessee	081	Hickman County
TN	47	Tennessee	083	Houston County
TN	47	Tennessee	085	Humphreys County
TN	47	Tennessee	087	Jackson County
TN	47	Tennessee	089	Jefferson County
TN	47	Tennessee	091	Johnson County
TN	47	Tennessee	093	Knox County
TN	47	Tennessee	095	Lake County
TN	47	Tennessee	097	Lauderdale County
TN	47	Tennessee	099	Lawrence County
TN	47	Tennessee	101	Lewis County
TN	47	Tennessee	103	Lincoln County
TN	47	Tennessee	105	Loudon County
TN	47	Tennessee	107	McMinn County
TN	47	Tennessee	109	McNairy County
TN	47	Tennessee	111	Macon County
TN	47	Tennessee	113	Madison County
TN	47	Tennessee	115	Marion County
TN	47	Tennessee	117	Marshall County
TN	47	Tennessee	119	Maury County
TN	47	Tennessee	121	Meigs County
TN	47	Tennessee	123	Monroe County
TN	47	Tennessee	125	Montgomery County
TN	47	Tennessee	127	Moore County
TN	47	Tennessee	129	Morgan County
TN	47	Tennessee	131	Obion County
TN	47	Tennessee	133	Overton County
TN	47	Tennessee	135	Perry County
TN	47	Tennessee	137	Pickett County
TN	47	Tennessee	139	Polk County
TN	47	Tennessee	141	Putnam County
TN	47	Tennessee	143	Rhea County
TN	47	Tennessee	145	Roane County
TN	47	Tennessee	147	Robertson County
TN	47	Tennessee	149	Rutherford County
TN	47	Tennessee	151	Scott County
TN	47	Tennessee	153	Sequatchie County
TN	47	Tennessee	155	Sevier County
TN	47	Tennessee	157	Shelby County
TN	47	Tennessee	159	Smith County
TN	47	Tennessee	161	Stewart County
TN	47	Tennessee	163	Sullivan County
TN	47	Tennessee	165	Sumner County
TN	47	Tennessee	167	Tipton County
TN	47	Tennessee	169	Trousdale County
TN	47	Tennessee	171	Unicoi County
TN	47	Tennessee	173	Union County
TN	47	Tennessee	175	Van Buren County
TN	47	Tennessee	177	Warren County
TN	47	Tennessee	179	Washington County
TN	47	Tennessee	181	Wayne County
TN	47	Tennessee	183	Weakley County
TN	47	Tennessee	185	White County
TN	47	Tennessee	187	Williamson County
TN	47	Tennessee	189	Wilson County
TX	48	Texas	001	Anderson County
TX	48	Texas	003	Andrews County
TX	48	Texas	005	Angelina County
TX	48	Texas	007	Aransas County
TX	48	Texas	009	Archer County
TX	48	Texas	011	Armstrong County
TX	48	Texas	013	Atascosa County
TX	48	Texas	015	Austin County
TX	48	Texas	017	Bailey County
TX	48	Texas	019	Bandera County
TX	48	Texas	021	Bastrop County
TX	48	Texas	023	Baylor County
TX	48	Texas	025	Bee County
TX	48	Texas	027	Bell County
TX	48	Texas	029	Bexar County
TX	48	Texas	031	Blanco County
TX	48	Texas	033	Borden County
TX	48	Texas	035	Bosque County
TX	48	Texas	037	Bowie County
TX	48	Texas	039	Brazoria County
TX	48	Texas	041	Brazos County
TX	48	Texas	043	Brewster County
TX	48	Texas	045	Briscoe County
TX	48	Texas	047	Brooks County
TX	48	Texas	049	Brown County
TX	48	Texas	051	Burleson County
TX	48	Texas	053	Burnet County
TX	48	Texas	055	Caldwell County
TX	48	Texas	057	Calhoun County
TX	48	Texas	059	Callahan County
TX	48	Texas	061	Cameron County
TX	48	Texas	063	Camp County
TX	48	Texas	065	Carson County
TX	48	Texas	067	Cass County
TX	48	Texas	069	Castro County
TX	48	Texas	071	Chambers County
TX	48	Texas	073	Cherokee County
TX	48	Texas	075	Childress County
TX	48	Texas	077	Clay County
TX	48	Texas	079	Cochran County
TX	48	Texas	081	Coke County
TX	48	Texas	083	Coleman County
TX	48	Texas	085	Collin County
TX	48	Texas	087	Collingsworth County
TX	48	Texas	089	Colorado County
TX	48	Texas	091	Comal County
TX	48	Texas	093	Comanche County
TX	48	Texas	095	Concho County
TX	48	Texas	097	Cooke County
TX	48	Texas	099	Coryell County
TX	48	Texas	101	Cottle County
TX	48	Texas	103	Crane County
TX	48	Texas	105	Crockett County
TX	48	Texas	107	Crosby County
TX	48	Texas	109	Culberson County
TX	48	Texas	111	Dallam County
TX	48	Texas	113	Dallas County
TX	48	Texas	115	Dawson County
TX	48	Texas	117	Deaf Smith County
TX	48	Texas	119	Delta County
TX	48	Texas	121	Denton County
TX	48	Texas	123	DeWitt County
TX	48	Texas	125	Dickens County
TX	48	Texas	127	Dimmit County
TX	48	Texas	129	Donley County
TX	48	Texas	131	Duval County
TX	48	Texas	133	Eastland County
TX	48	Texas	135	Ector County
TX	48	Texas	137	Edwards County
TX	48	Texas	139	Ellis County
TX	48	Texas	141	El Paso County
TX	48	Texas	143	Erath County
TX	48	Texas	145	Falls County
TX	48	Texas	147	Fannin County
TX	48	Texas	149	Fayette County
TX	48	Texas	151	Fisher County
TX	48	Texas	153	Floyd County
TX	48	Texas	155	Foard County
TX	48	Texas	157	Fort Bend County
TX	48	Texas	159	Franklin County
TX	48	Texas	161	Freestone County
TX	48	Texas	163	Frio County
TX	48	Texas	165	Gaines County
TX	48	Texas	167	Galveston County
TX	48	Texas	169	Garza County
TX	48	Texas	171	Gillespie County
TX	48	Texas	173	Glasscock County
TX	48	Texas	175	Goliad County
TX	48	Texas	177	Gonzales County
TX	48	Texas	179	Gray County
TX	48	Texas	181	Grayson County
TX	48	Texas	183	Gregg County
TX	48	Texas	185	Grimes County
TX	48	Texas	187	Guadalupe County
TX	48	Texas	189	Hale County
TX	48	Texas	191	Hall County
TX	48	Texas	193	Hamilton County
TX	48	Texas	195	Hansford County
TX	48	Texas	197	Hardeman County
TX	48	Texas	199	Hardin County
TX	48	Texas	201	Harris County
TX	48	Texas	203	Harrison County
TX	48	Texas	205	Hartley County
TX	48	Texas	207	Haskell County
TX	48	Texas	209	Hays County
TX	48	Texas	211	Hemphill County
TX	48	Texas	213	Henderson County
TX	48	Texas	215	Hidalgo County
TX	48	Texas	217	Hill County
TX	48	Texas	219	Hockley County
TX	48	Texas	221	Hood County
TX	48	Texas	223	Hopkins County
TX	48	Texas	225	Houston County
TX	48	Texas	227	Howard County
TX	48	Texas	229	Hudspeth County
TX	48	Texas	231	Hunt County
TX	48	Texas	233	Hutchinson County
TX	48	Texas	235	Irion County
TX	48	Texas	237	Jack County
TX	48	Texas	239	Jackson County
TX	48	Texas	241	Jasper County
TX	48	Texas	243	Jeff Davis County
TX	48	Texas	245	Jefferson County
TX	48	Texas	247	Jim Hogg County
TX	48	Texas	249	Jim Wells County
TX	48	Texas	251	Johnson County
TX	48	Texas	253	Jones County
TX	48	Texas	255	Karnes County
TX	48	Texas	257	Kaufman County
TX	48	Texas	259	Kendall County
TX	48	Texas	261	Kenedy County
TX	48	Texas	263	Kent County
TX	48	Texas	265	Kerr County
TX	48	Texas	267	Kimble County
TX	48	Texas	269	King County
TX	48	Texas	271	Kinney County
TX	48	Texas	273	Kleberg County
TX	48	Texas	275	Knox County
TX	48	Texas	277	Lamar County
TX	48	Texas	279	Lamb County
TX	48	Texas	281	Lampasas County
TX	48	Texas	283	La Salle County
TX	48	Texas	285	Lavaca County
TX	48	Texas	287	Lee County
TX	48	Texas	289	Leon County
TX	48	Texas	291	Liberty County
TX	48	Texas	293	Limestone County
TX	48	Texas	295	Lipscomb County
TX	48	Texas	297	Live Oak County
TX	48	Texas	299	Llano County
TX	48	Texas	301	Loving County
TX	48	Texas	303	Lubbock County
TX	48	Texas	305	Lynn County
TX	48	Texas	307	McCulloch County
TX	48	Texas	309	McLennan County
TX	48	Texas	311	McMullen County
TX	48	Texas	313	Madison County
TX	48	Texas	315	Marion County
TX	48	Texas	317	Martin County
TX	48	Texas	319	Mason County
TX	48	Texas	321	Matagorda County
TX	48	Texas	323	Maverick County
TX	48	Texas	325	Medina County
TX	48	Texas	327	Menard County
TX	48	Texas	329	Midland County
TX	48	Texas	331	Milam County
TX	48	Texas	333	Mills County
TX	48	Texas	335	Mitchell County
TX	48	Texas	337	Montague County
TX	48	Texas	339	Montgomery County
TX	48	Texas	341	Moore County
TX	48	Texas	343	Morris County
TX	48	Texas	345	Motley County
TX	48	Texas	347	Nacogdoches County
TX	48	Texas	349	Navarro County
TX	48	Texas	351	Newton County
TX	48	Texas	353	Nolan County
TX	48	Texas	355	Nueces County
TX	48	Texas	357	Ochiltree County
TX	48	Texas	359	Oldham County
TX	48	Texas	361	Orange County
TX	48	Texas	363	Palo Pinto County
TX	48	Texas	365	Panola County
TX	48	Texas	367	Parker County
TX	48	Texas	369	Parmer County
TX	48	Texas	371	Pecos County
TX	48	Texas	373	Polk County
TX	48	Texas	375	Potter County
TX	48	Texas	377	Presidio County
TX	48	Texas	379	Rains County
TX	48	Texas	381	Randall County
TX	48	Texas	383	Reagan County
TX	48	Texas	385	Real County
TX	48	Texas	387	Red River County
TX	48	Texas	389	Reeves County
TX	48	Texas	391	Refugio County
TX	48	Texas	393	Roberts County
TX	48	Texas	395	Robertson County
TX	48	Texas	397	Rockwall County
TX	48	Texas	399	Runnels County
TX	48	Texas	401	Rusk County
TX	48	Texas	403	Sabine County
TX	48	Texas	405	San Augustine County
TX	48	Texas	407	San Jacinto County
TX	48	Texas	409	San Patricio County
TX	48	Texas	411	San Saba County
TX	48	Texas	413	Schleicher County
TX	48	Texas	415	Scurry County
TX	48	Texas	417	Shackelford County
TX	48	Texas	419	Shelby County
TX	48	Texas	421	Sherman County
TX	48	Texas	423	Smith County
TX	48	Texas	425	Somervell County
TX	48	Texas	427	Starr County
TX	48	Texas	429	Stephens County
TX	48	Texas	431	Sterling County
TX	48	Texas	433	Stonewall County
TX	48	Texas	435	Sutton County
TX	48	Texas	437	Swisher County
TX	48	Texas	439	Tarrant County
TX	48	Texas	441	Taylor County
TX	48	Texas	443	Terrell County
TX	48	Texas	445	Terry County
TX	48	Texas	447	Throckmorton County
TX	48	Texas	449	Titus County
TX	48	Texas	451	Tom Green County
TX	48	Texas	453	Travis County
TX	48	Texas	455	Trinity County
TX	48	Texas	457	Tyler County
TX	48	Texas	459	Upshur County
TX	48	Texas	461	Upton County
TX	48	Texas	463	Uvalde County
TX	48	Texas	465	Val Verde County
TX	48	Texas	467	Van Zandt County
TX	48	Texas	469	Victoria County
TX	48	Texas	471	Walker County
TX	48	Texas	473	Waller County
TX	48	Texas	475	Ward County
TX	48	Texas	477	Washington County
TX	48	Texas	479	Webb County
TX	48	Texas	481	Wharton County
TX	48	Texas	483	Wheeler County
TX	48	Texas	485	Wichita County
TX	48	Texas	487	Wilbarger County
TX	48	Texas	489	Willacy County
TX	48	Texas	491	Williamson County
TX	48	Texas	493	Wilson County
TX	48	Texas	495	Winkler County
TX	48	Texas	497	Wise County
TX	48	Texas	499	Wood County
TX	48	Texas	501	Yoakum County
TX	48	Texas	503	Young County
TX	48	Texas	505	Zapata County
TX	48	Texas	507	Zavala County
UT	49	Utah	001	Beaver County
UT	49	Utah	003	Box Elder County
UT	49	Utah	005	Cache County
UT	49	Utah	007	Carbon County
UT	49	Utah	009	Daggett County
UT	49	Utah	011	Davis County
UT	49	Utah	013	Duchesne County
UT	49	Utah	015	Emery County
UT	49	Utah	017	Garfield County
UT	49	Utah	019	Grand County
UT	49	Utah	021	Iron County
UT	49	Utah	023	Juab County
UT	49	Utah	025	Kane County
UT	49	Utah	027	Millard County
UT	49	Utah	029	Morgan County
UT	49	Utah	031	Piute County
UT	49	Utah	033	Rich County
UT	49	Utah	035	Salt Lake County
UT	49	Utah	037	San Juan County
UT	49	Utah	039	Sanpete County
UT	49	Utah	041	Sevier County
UT	49	Utah	043	Summit County
UT	49	Utah	045	Tooele County
UT	49	Utah	047	Uintah County
UT	49	Utah	049	Utah County
UT	49	Utah	051	Wasatch County
UT	49	Utah	053	Washington County
UT	49	Utah	055	Wayne County
UT	49	Utah	057	Weber County
VT	50	Vermont	001	Addison County
VT	50	Vermont	003	Bennington County
VT	50	Vermont	005	Caledonia County
VT	50	Vermont	007	Chittenden County
VT	50	Vermont	009	Essex County
VT	50	Vermont	011	Franklin County
VT	50	Vermont	013	Grand Isle County
VT	50	Vermont	015	Lamoille County
VT	50	Vermont	017	Orange County
VT	50	Vermont	019	Orleans County
VT	50	Vermont	021	Rutland County
VT	50	Vermont	023	Washington County
VT	50	Vermont	025	Windham County
VT	50	Vermont	027	Windsor County
VA	51	Virginia	001	Accomack County
VA	51	Virginia	003	Albemarle County
VA	51	Virginia	005	Alleghany County
VA	51	Virginia	007	Amelia County
VA	51	Virginia	009	Amherst County
VA	51	Virginia	011	Appomattox County
VA	51	Virginia	013	Arlington County
VA	51	Virginia	015	Augusta County
VA	51	Virginia	017	Bath County
VA	51	Virginia	019	Bedford County
VA	51	Virginia	021	Bland County
VA	51	Virginia	023	Botetourt County
VA	51	Virginia	025	Brunswick County
VA	51	Virginia	027	Buchanan County
VA	51	Virginia	029	Buckingham County
VA	51	Virginia	031	Campbell County
VA	51	Virginia	033	Caroline County
VA	51	Virginia	035	Carroll County
VA	51	Virginia	036	Charles City County
VA	51	Virginia	037	Charlotte County
VA	51	Virginia	041	Chesterfield County
VA	51	Virginia	043	Clarke County
VA	51	Virginia	045	Craig County
VA	51	Virginia	047	Culpeper County
VA	51	Virginia	049	Cumberland County
VA	51	Virginia	051	Dickenson County
VA	51	Virginia	053	Dinwiddie County
VA	51	Virginia	057	Essex County
VA	51	Virginia	059	Fairfax County
VA	51	Virginia	061	Fauquier County
VA	51	Virginia	063	Floyd County
VA	51	Virginia	065	Fluvanna County
VA	51	Virginia	067	Franklin County
VA	51	Virginia	069	Frederick County
VA	51	Virginia	071	Giles County
VA	51	Virginia	073	Gloucester County
VA	51	Virginia	075	Goochland County
VA	51	Virginia	077	Grayson County
VA	51	Virginia	079	Greene County
VA	51	Virginia	081	Greensville County
VA	51	Virginia	083	Halifax County
VA	51	Virginia	085	Hanover County
VA	51	Virginia	087	Henrico County
VA	51	Virginia	089	Henry County
VA	51	Virginia	091	Highland County
VA	51	Virginia	093	Isle of Wight County
VA	51	Virginia	095	James City County
VA	51	Virginia	097	King and Queen County
VA	51	Virginia	099	King George County
VA	51	Virginia	101	King William County
VA	51	Virginia	103	Lancaster County
VA	51	Virginia	105	Lee County
VA	51	Virginia	107	Loudoun County
VA	51	Virginia	109	Louisa County
VA	51	Virginia	111	Lunenburg County
VA	51	Virginia	113	Madison County
VA	51	Virginia	115	Mathews County
VA	51	Virginia	117	Mecklenburg County
VA	51	Virginia	119	Middlesex County
VA	51	Virginia	121	Montgomery County
VA	51	Virginia	125	Nelson County
VA	51	Virginia	127	New Kent County
VA	51	Virginia	131	Northampton County
VA	51	Virginia	133	Northumberland County
VA	51	Virginia	135	Nottoway County
VA	51	Virginia	137	Orange County
VA	51	Virginia	139	Page County
VA	51	Virginia	141	Patrick County
VA	51	Virginia	143	Pittsylvania County
VA	51	Virginia	145	Powhatan County
VA	51	Virginia	147	Prince Edward County
VA	51	Virginia	149	Prince George County
VA	51	Virginia	153	Prince William County
VA	51	Virginia	155	Pulaski County
VA	51	Virginia	157	Rappahannock County
VA	51	Virginia	159	Richmond County
VA	51	Virginia	161	Roanoke County
VA	51	Virginia	163	Rockbridge County
VA	51	Virginia	165	Rockingham County
VA	51	Virginia	167	Russell County
VA	51	Virginia	169	Scott County
VA	51	Virginia	171	Shenandoah County
VA	51	Virginia	173	Smyth County
VA	51	Virginia	175	Southampton County
VA	51	Virginia	177	Spotsylvania County
VA	51	Virginia	179	Stafford County
VA	51	Virginia	181	Surry County
VA	51	Virginia	183	Sussex County
VA	51	Virginia	185	Tazewell County
VA	51	Virginia	187	Warren County
VA	51	Virginia	191	Washington County
VA	51	Virginia	193	Westmoreland County
VA	51	Virginia	195	Wise County
VA	51	Virginia	197	Wythe County
VA	51	Virginia	199	York County
VA	51	Virginia	510	Alexandria city
VA	51	Virginia	515	Bedford city
VA	51	Virginia	520	Bristol city
VA	51	Virginia	530	Buena Vista city
VA	51	Virginia	540	Charlottesville city
VA	51	Virginia	550	Chesapeake city
VA	51	Virginia	560	Clifton Forge city
VA	51	Virginia	570	Colonial Heights city
VA	51	Virginia	580	Covington city
VA	51	Virginia	590	Danville city
VA	51	Virginia	595	Emporia city
VA	51	Virginia	600	Fairfax city
VA	51	Virginia	610	Falls Church city
VA	51	Virginia	620	Franklin city
VA	51	Virginia	630	Fredericksburg city
VA	51	Virginia	640	Galax city
VA	51	Virginia	650	Hampton city
VA	51	Virginia	660	Harrisonburg city
VA	51	Virginia	670	Hopewell city
VA	51	Virginia	678	Lexington city
VA	51	Virginia	680	Lynchburg city
VA	51	Virginia	683	Manassas city
VA	51	Virginia	685	Manassas Park city
VA	51	Virginia	690	Martinsville city
VA	51	Virginia	700	Newport News city
VA	51	Virginia	710	Norfolk city
VA	51	Virginia	720	Norton city
VA	51	Virginia	730	Petersburg city
VA	51	Virginia	735	Poquoson city
VA	51	Virginia	740	Portsmouth city
VA	51	Virginia	750	Radford city
VA	51	Virginia	760	Richmond city
VA	51	Virginia	770	Roanoke city
VA	51	Virginia	775	Salem city
VA	51	Virginia	780	South Boston city
VA	51	Virginia	790	Staunton city
VA	51	Virginia	800	Suffolk city
VA	51	Virginia	810	Virginia Beach city
VA	51	Virginia	820	Waynesboro city
VA	51	Virginia	830	Williamsburg city
VA	51	Virginia	840	Winchester city
WA	53	Washington	001	Adams County
WA	53	Washington	003	Asotin County
WA	53	Washington	005	Benton County
WA	53	Washington	007	Chelan County
WA	53	Washington	009	Clallam County
WA	53	Washington	011	Clark County
WA	53	Washington	013	Columbia County
WA	53	Washington	015	Cowlitz County
WA	53	Washington	017	Douglas County
WA	53	Washington	019	Ferry County
WA	53	Washington	021	Franklin County
WA	53	Washington	023	Garfield County
WA	53	Washington	025	Grant County
WA	53	Washington	027	Grays Harbor County
WA	53	Washington	029	Island County
WA	53	Washington	031	Jefferson County
WA	53	Washington	033	King County
WA	53	Washington	035	Kitsap County
WA	53	Washington	037	Kittitas County
WA	53	Washington	039	Klickitat County
WA	53	Washington	041	Lewis County
WA	53	Washington	043	Lincoln County
WA	53	Washington	045	Mason County
WA	53	Washington	047	Okanogan County
WA	53	Washington	049	Pacific County
WA	53	Washington	051	Pend Oreille County
WA	53	Washington	053	Pierce County
WA	53	Washington	055	San Juan County
WA	53	Washington	057	Skagit County
WA	53	Washington	059	Skamania County
WA	53	Washington	061	Snohomish County
WA	53	Washington	063	Spokane County
WA	53	Washington	065	Stevens County
WA	53	Washington	067	Thurston County
WA	53	Washington	069	Wahkiakum County
WA	53	Washington	071	Walla Walla County
WA	53	Washington	073	Whatcom County
WA	53	Washington	075	Whitman County
WA	53	Washington	077	Yakima County
WV	54	West Virginia	001	Barbour County
WV	54	West Virginia	003	Berkeley County
WV	54	West Virginia	005	Boone County
WV	54	West Virginia	007	Braxton County
WV	54	West Virginia	009	Brooke County
WV	54	West Virginia	011	Cabell County
WV	54	West Virginia	013	Calhoun County
WV	54	West Virginia	015	Clay County
WV	54	West Virginia	017	Doddridge County
WV	54	West Virginia	019	Fayette County
WV	54	West Virginia	021	Gilmer County
WV	54	West Virginia	023	Grant County
WV	54	West Virginia	025	Greenbrier County
WV	54	West Virginia	027	Hampshire County
WV	54	West Virginia	029	Hancock County
WV	54	West Virginia	031	Hardy County
WV	54	West Virginia	033	Harrison County
WV	54	West Virginia	035	Jackson County
WV	54	West Virginia	037	Jefferson County
WV	54	West Virginia	039	Kanawha County
WV	54	West Virginia	041	Lewis County
WV	54	West Virginia	043	Lincoln County
WV	54	West Virginia	045	Logan County
WV	54	West Virginia	047	McDowell County
WV	54	West Virginia	049	Marion County
WV	54	West Virginia	051	Marshall County
WV	54	West Virginia	053	Mason County
WV	54	West Virginia	055	Mercer County
WV	54	West Virginia	057	Mineral County
WV	54	West Virginia	059	Mingo County
WV	54	West Virginia	061	Monongalia County
WV	54	West Virginia	063	Monroe County
WV	54	West Virginia	065	Morgan County
WV	54	West Virginia	067	Nicholas County
WV	54	West Virginia	069	Ohio County
WV	54	West Virginia	071	Pendleton County
WV	54	West Virginia	073	Pleasants County
WV	54	West Virginia	075	Pocahontas County
WV	54	West Virginia	077	Preston County
WV	54	West Virginia	079	Putnam County
WV	54	West Virginia	081	Raleigh County
WV	54	West Virginia	083	Randolph County
WV	54	West Virginia	085	Ritchie County
WV	54	West Virginia	087	Roane County
WV	54	West Virginia	089	Summers County
WV	54	West Virginia	091	Taylor County
WV	54	West Virginia	093	Tucker County
WV	54	West Virginia	095	Tyler County
WV	54	West Virginia	097	Upshur County
WV	54	West Virginia	099	Wayne County
WV	54	West Virginia	101	Webster County
WV	54	West Virginia	103	Wetzel County
WV	54	West Virginia	105	Wirt County
WV	54	West Virginia	107	Wood County
WV	54	West Virginia	109	Wyoming County
WI	55	Wisconsin	001	Adams County
WI	55	Wisconsin	003	Ashland County
WI	55	Wisconsin	005	Barron County
WI	55	Wisconsin	007	Bayfield County
WI	55	Wisconsin	009	Brown County
WI	55	Wisconsin	011	Buffalo County
WI	55	Wisconsin	013	Burnett County
WI	55	Wisconsin	015	Calumet County
WI	55	Wisconsin	017	Chippewa County
WI	55	Wisconsin	019	Clark County
WI	55	Wisconsin	021	Columbia County
WI	55	Wisconsin	023	Crawford County
WI	55	Wisconsin	025	Dane County
WI	55	Wisconsin	027	Dodge County
WI	55	Wisconsin	029	Door County
WI	55	Wisconsin	031	Douglas County
WI	55	Wisconsin	033	Dunn County
WI	55	Wisconsin	035	Eau Claire County
WI	55	Wisconsin	037	Florence County
WI	55	Wisconsin	039	Fond du Lac County
WI	55	Wisconsin	041	Forest County
WI	55	Wisconsin	043	Grant County
WI	55	Wisconsin	045	Green County
WI	55	Wisconsin	047	Green Lake County
WI	55	Wisconsin	049	Iowa County
WI	55	Wisconsin	051	Iron County
WI	55	Wisconsin	053	Jackson County
WI	55	Wisconsin	055	Jefferson County
WI	55	Wisconsin	057	Juneau County
WI	55	Wisconsin	059	Kenosha County
WI	55	Wisconsin	061	Kewaunee County
WI	55	Wisconsin	063	La Crosse County
WI	55	Wisconsin	065	Lafayette County
WI	55	Wisconsin	067	Langlade County
WI	55	Wisconsin	069	Lincoln County
WI	55	Wisconsin	071	Manitowoc County
WI	55	Wisconsin	073	Marathon County
WI	55	Wisconsin	075	Marinette County
WI	55	Wisconsin	077	Marquette County
WI	55	Wisconsin	078	Menominee County
WI	55	Wisconsin	079	Milwaukee County
WI	55	Wisconsin	081	Monroe County
WI	55	Wisconsin	083	Oconto County
WI	55	Wisconsin	085	Oneida County
WI	55	Wisconsin	087	Outagamie County
WI	55	Wisconsin	089	Ozaukee County
WI	55	Wisconsin	091	Pepin County
WI	55	Wisconsin	093	Pierce County
WI	55	Wisconsin	095	Polk County
WI	55	Wisconsin	097	Portage County
WI	55	Wisconsin	099	Price County
WI	55	Wisconsin	101	Racine County
WI	55	Wisconsin	103	Richland County
WI	55	Wisconsin	105	Rock County
WI	55	Wisconsin	107	Rusk County
WI	55	Wisconsin	109	St. Croix County
WI	55	Wisconsin	111	Sauk County
WI	55	Wisconsin	113	Sawyer County
WI	55	Wisconsin	115	Shawano County
WI	55	Wisconsin	117	Sheboygan County
WI	55	Wisconsin	119	Taylor County
WI	55	Wisconsin	121	Trempealeau County
WI	55	Wisconsin	123	Vernon County
WI	55	Wisconsin	125	Vilas County
WI	55	Wisconsin	127	Walworth County
WI	55	Wisconsin	129	Washburn County
WI	55	Wisconsin	131	Washington County
WI	55	Wisconsin	133	Waukesha County
WI	55	Wisconsin	135	Waupaca County
WI	55	Wisconsin	137	Waushara County
WI	55	Wisconsin	139	Winnebago County
WI	55	Wisconsin	141	Wood County
WY	56	Wyoming	001	Albany County
WY	56	Wyoming	003	Big Horn County
WY	56	Wyoming	005	Campbell County
WY	56	Wyoming	007	Carbon County
WY	56	Wyoming	009	Converse County
WY	56	Wyoming	011	Crook County
WY	56	Wyoming	013	Fremont County
WY	56	Wyoming	015	Goshen County
WY	56	Wyoming	017	Hot Springs County
WY	56	Wyoming	019	Johnson County
WY	56	Wyoming	021	Laramie County
WY	56	Wyoming	023	Lincoln County
WY	56	Wyoming	025	Natrona County
WY	56	Wyoming	027	Niobrara County
WY	56	Wyoming	029	Park County
WY	56	Wyoming	031	Platte County
WY	56	Wyoming	033	Sheridan County
WY	56	Wyoming	035	Sublette County
WY	56	Wyoming	037	Sweetwater County
WY	56	Wyoming	039	Teton County
WY	56	Wyoming	041	Uinta County
WY	56	Wyoming	043	Washakie County
WY	56	Wyoming	045	Weston County
AS	60	American Samoa	010	Eastern District
AS	60	American Samoa	020	Manu’a District
AS	60	American Samoa	030	Rose Island
AS	60	American Samoa	040	Swains Island
AS	60	American Samoa	050	Western District
GU	66	Guam	010	Guam
MP	69	Northern Mariana Islands	085	Northern Islands Municipality
MP	69	Northern Mariana Islands	100	Rota Municipality
MP	69	Northern Mariana Islands	110	Saipan Municipality
MP	69	Northern Mariana Islands	120	Tinian Municipality
PR	72	Puerto Rico	001	Adjuntas Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	003	Aguada Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	005	Aguadilla Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	007	Aguas Buenas Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	009	Aibonito Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	011	Anasco Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	013	Arecibo Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	015	Arroyo Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	017	Barceloneta Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	019	Barranquitas Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	021	Bayamon Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	023	Cabo Rojo Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	025	Caguas Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	027	Camuy Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	029	Canovanas Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	031	Carolina Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	033	Catano Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	035	Cayey Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	037	Ceiba Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	039	Ciales Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	041	Cidra Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	043	Coamo Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	045	Comerio Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	047	Corozal Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	049	Culebra Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	051	Dorado Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	053	Fajardo Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	054	Florida Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	055	Guanica Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	057	Guayama Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	059	Guayanilla Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	061	Guaynabo Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	063	Gurabo Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	065	Hatillo Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	067	Hormigueros Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	069	Humacao Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	071	Isabela Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	073	Jayuya Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	075	Juana Diaz Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	077	Juncos Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	079	Lajas Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	081	Lares Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	083	Las Marias Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	085	Las Piedras Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	087	Loiza Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	089	Luquillo Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	091	Manati Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	093	Maricao Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	095	Maunabo Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	097	Mayaguez Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	099	Moca Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	101	Morovis Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	103	Naguabo Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	105	Naranjito Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	107	Orocovis Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	109	Patillas Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	111	Penuelas Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	113	Ponce Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	115	Quebradillas Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	117	Rincon Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	119	Rio Grande Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	121	Sabana Grande Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	123	Salinas Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	125	San German Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	127	San Juan Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	129	San Lorenzo Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	131	San Sebastian Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	133	Santa Isabel Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	135	Toa Alta Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	137	Toa Baja Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	139	Trujillo Alto Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	141	Utuado Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	143	Vega Alta Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	145	Vega Baja Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	147	Vieques Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	149	Villalba Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	151	Yabucoa Municipio
PR	72	Puerto Rico	153	Yauco Municipio
UM	74	U.S. Minor Outlying Islands	300	Midway Islands
VI	78	U.S. Virgin Islands	010	St. Croix Island
VI	78	U.S. Virgin Islands	020	St. John Island
VI	78	U.S. Virgin Islands	030	St. Thomas Island

Suppose, as can happen, that you download your data and find that due to a coding error the 5-digit combined state and county FIPS codes have been stored as numeric, causing leading zeroes to be truncated off. If you check the FIPS codes and are reasonably confident that the only error is that leading left-hand-side zeroes have been omitted, you could do the following to correct the mistake:

## 
## Attaching package: 'dplyr'

## The following object is masked from 'package:kableExtra':
## 
##     group_rows

## The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
## 
##     filter, lag

## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
## 
##     intersect, setdiff, setequal, union

head(example_df)

## # A tibble: 6 × 3
##    FIPS Name    State
##   <int> <chr>   <chr>
## 1  1001 Autauga AL   
## 2  1003 Baldwin AL   
## 3  1005 Barbour AL   
## 4  1007 Bibb    AL   
## 5  1009 Blount  AL   
## 6  1011 Bullock AL

library(stringr)
library(dplyr)
example_df <- example_df %>% mutate(FIPS = ifelse(
  nchar(FIPS) == 4,
  str_pad(
    FIPS,
    width = 5,
    pad = '0',
    side = 'left'
  ),
  FIPS
))

head(example_df)

## # A tibble: 6 × 3
##   FIPS  Name    State
##   <chr> <chr>   <chr>
## 1 01001 Autauga AL   
## 2 01003 Baldwin AL   
## 3 01005 Barbour AL   
## 4 01007 Bibb    AL   
## 5 01009 Blount  AL   
## 6 01011 Bullock AL

The above code uses the dplyr and stringr packages, both part of the tidyverse and which have introductions here: https://dplyr.tidyverse.org/ and here: https://stringr.tidyverse.org/.

4.7 Numerators and Denominators

4.7.1 Epi Primer

When presenting data on disease distribution and measures of health disparities, the following types of measures are most often used:

Prevalence
Cumulative incidence
Incidence rate

These measures serve to answer different types of research questions:

Descriptive: describes the distribution of the outcome of interest
Predictive: predicts who may experience the outcome of interest
Causal: seeks to determine modifiable causes of the outcome of interest

Prevalence is defined as $Pr[Y=1] = \frac{\text{# existing cases}}{\text{# individuals in study population at a point in time}}$. Prevalence is dimensionless, ranges from 0 to 1, and requires a time reference (i.e. prevalence at a certain year, age, etc.). Prevalence measures are useful for descriptive and not causal questions.

Cumulative incidence, also known as incidence proportion, risk, or attack rate (although not a rate), is defined as $Pr[Y=1] = \frac{\text{# incident cases in a time period}}{\text{#individuals at risk at a baseline}}$. Cumulative incidence is also dimensionless and ranges from 0 to 1, but it must state a time period and anyone included in the denominator must be eligible to move into the numerator by meeting the case definition. Cumulative incidence is limited by a lack of information on the exact timing of the outcome of interest, time-varying exposures, competing risks, and loss to follow-up.

Incidence rate, also known as incidence density or hazard rate, is defined as $\frac{\text{# incident cases during $t_0$ to $t_1$}}{\text{$\sum$ person-time at risk accumulated during $t_0$ to $t_1$}}$. Person-time can be expressed in years, months, weeks, or days. Incidence rate is not a proportion and ranges from 0 to $\infty$.

Measures of disparity

Ratio measures
Difference measures
Attributable fractions

Ratio measures include cumulative incidence ratios (CIR), incidence rate ratios (IRR), and odds ratios (OR). The range for these is 0 to $\infty$ and no association is indicated by a ratio of 1.

Odds ratios are defined by \[\frac{(Pr[Y=1|A=1]/ Pr[Y=0|A=1])}{(Pr[Y=1|A=0]/ Pr[Y=0|A=0])}\]

Differences measures include cumulative incidence difference (CID), also known as attributable risk, and incidence rate difference (IRD), also known as attributable rate. The range for CID is -1 to 1 while the range for IRD is $-\infty$ to $\infty$. No association is indicated by a difference of 0.

Attributable Risk Percent (AR) or excess fraction is the proportion of disease burden among the exposed that is associated with the exposure and is defined by: \[AR\%=\frac{CI_{Exposed} – CI_{unexposed}}{CI_{Exposed}}*100 \]

Population Attributable Risk Percent (PAR) is the proportion of disease burden among the total population that is associated with the exposure and is defined by: \[AR\%*Pr[A=1|Y=1]=\frac{CI_{Total} – CI_{unexposed}}{CI_{Total}} \]

The analytic methods section of the Public Health Disparities Geocoding Project monograph demonstrates how the measures described above are identified and aggregated over areas and strata of area-based socioeconomic or other social metrics (ABSMs).

4.7.2 Numerator/Denominator Issues

When calculating population rates of health outcomes, it is important to consider and avoid bias resulting from a mismatch between the numerator and the denominator of the rate. Typically, this can occur when the data sources for the numerator and the denominator differ - e.g. to calculate the rate of deaths resulting from a drug overdose in a particular county, data for the numerator of the rate could come from death certificates and the data for the denominator from the national census. Using different data sources does not necessarily cause bias. It is when there is a mismatch between the two data sources that bias can result. For example, in the previous scenario, if the numerator data included all drug overdoses that occurred in a particular county, but the denominator only included residents of the county, bias could result as the numerator includes individuals that are not in the denominator.

For epidemiologic analyses of health disparities, data analysts generally rely on routinely collected data from health surveillance systems to define the numerators of rates. Such data are available on an ongoing basis with a lag of two or more years to allow for data compilation and cleaning. In contrast, data on population at risk may be obtained from a variety of sources depending on the need for stratification by demographic variables, time frame, and the desired level of geography. For example, the US Decennial Census provides detailed population estimates by age, sex-gender, and selected racialized groups in decennial years. For intercensal years, the US Census uses demographic modeling that takes into consideration births, deaths, and migrations to provide estimates for these demographic groups at the national, state, and county levels via its Population Estimates Program (PEP) [US Census PEP]. For smaller levels of geography, the US Census Bureau’s American Community Survey includes estimates of population for all census geographies larger than census blocks based on five year rolling averages. These are also typically made available after a two year delay.

Formally, the US Census Bureau recommends the use of PEP or decennial census counts as population size estimates in intercensal years, while recommending that ACS data be used for information about changing socioeconomic and demographic features. However, for estimation of small area disease rates or analyses of health disparities by ABSM in intercensal years, decennial counts are usually outdated and PEP estimates are not available at the desired geographic level. Thus, in practice, many epidemiologic studies will continue to rely on ACS small-area estimates for population denominators. While private companies are increasingly producing high-resolution gridded population estimates (typically for the total population, not stratified by sub-groups, whether by age or diverse social groups) that are based on machine-learning models combining census, remote sensing, land use, and other information, with the promise of providing population sizes at very small geographies in near real time, to date we have not found these data products to provide substantial improvement over using ACS small area estimates and in some cases they can induce bias (Nethery et al. 2021).

Because numerators (case data) and denominators (population estimates) come from different sources, and moreover, because intercensal population estimates in particular may be subject to uncertainty, it is possible to obtain sociodemographic strata in particular areas and years where the observed cases exceed the reported population at risk. This is particularly problematic when the number of cases is greater than zero but the reported population at risk is exactly zero. We term this phenomenon “numerator/denominator mismatch.”

To ensure that there is no numerator/denominator mismatch and that all cases in the aggregated numerator are coming from the population pool in the aggregated denominator and that all those in the denominator have the potential to become cases, one must understand the sources of data being used. It is therefore critical to explore the data dictionaries and survey methodology for the various sources of data to better understand the eligibility criteria for who gets included in the denominator and who appears in the numerators to be used in aggregating data for analysis. This includes answering questions like:

How are cases defined?
Does the data source include just adults or all ages?
Is the data source limited to non-institutionalized populations?
Does the data source include solely residents of the jurisdiction?
What happens to individuals who do not have an address of residence?
What happens to individuals who are institutionalized, including incarcerated?

Additionally, one should exclude all records that are not geocoded, do not meet the case definition, or are missing data on important covariates (e.g. age, gender, race/ethnicity, etc. depending on the question being asked). However, any such exclusions need to be clearly documented, with careful thought given to how the resulting selection bias can affect interpretation of the results.

Numerator/denominator mismatch can also introduce bias when aggregating data over strata of ABSMs. Understanding the sources of bias arising from incompatibility and identifying population size estimates to limit bias is a critical part of designing the analytical approach. For example, temporally incompatible numerator and denominator data tends to result in greater bias for race-stratified models involving numerically smaller populations, with important implications for studying disparities (Nethery et al, 2021).

4.8 Geocoding

Address geocoding, or just geocoding, is the process of converting a location description (usually an address) into some form of geographic representation (usually latitude and longitude coordinates). A geocoding software or program will parse input data into standard, recognizable values, compare this information to an internal reference database of points, lines, or polygons, and then return the best match of values in the database to the input data. We use geocoding software regularly in everyday life – anytime you look up directions to a friends house, search for nearby restaurants for dinner, or hail a ride-sharing service, a geocoding tool is operating under the hood to provide the information you need.

When you need to geocode many addresses, which we often need to do when working with large datasets, this is called ‘batch’ geocoding. Many services offer batch geocoding, with varying degrees of speed, accuracy, and pricing. We recommend reviewing multiple services before deciding what is right for you and your team. Below we provide a table of some geocoding services you might be interested in.

There are a variety of geocoding services available on the internet ranging from free to very expensive. The table below contains a list of some of the available geocoding services.

There are several important questions to consider when choosing a geocoding services, including:

Is it free? If not, what kind of subscription packages do they offer?
Is caching or locally/permanently storing geocoding results permitted?
Is using geocoding results with third-party basemaps permitted?
Does service have the right to store your geocoding requests and results and transmit these data to third parties?
What is their privacy and data protection policy?

Geocoder
ArcGIS World Geocoding Service
ArcGIS StreetMap Premium
Bing Maps
Census Geocoder
Geoapify
Geocode Earth
Geocodio
Google Maps
HERE
LocationIQ
Mapbox
MapQuest
OpenCage
TomTom

In order to access a geocoding service, you will have to interact with its application program interface (API). Some services, like ArcGIS, have interfaces that are internal to the software you might download for your computer. Others like Google, or Nominatum, require some programming to access. We utilize R packages to access APIs from within the R environment. We will walk you through this process using Google’s Geocoding API as an example.

4.8.1 Getting your Data in Shape

In order for any batch geocoding process to run smoothly, we need to first get the data we want to be geocoded into the appropriate format to be processed. While each service may have different preferences for how the address data are formatted, they generally require all the address information combined into a single, string (text) variable. Some prefer commas separating different features of the string (Ellicott City, Maryland, 21042). If you are using R to clean your data, there are multiple functions in the stringr package that will prove useful.

When preparing your data, watch out for naming idiosyncrasies in your dataset that may confuse the geocoder and lead to mismatches or failed attempts. In the Massachusetts mortality data, for example, addresses often used shorthand for the street designation (road = RD, path = PA, CT = court). To a human reader, that is rarely a problem, but Google’s Geocoding API often misidentified addresses ending in PA as being in Pennsylvania, and similarly identified CT as Connecticut. Several “drives” (DR) it struggled to identify it marked as doctor’s offices (!). By reviewing and editing your data before running your geocoding program, you can avoid having to run it twice.

4.8.2 Setting up the Service

Depending on what geocoding service you use, you may have to take several steps gain access to the service. Google, not unlike other services, requires you to register for an API key through the Google Cloud Console. These API keys allow services to track who is using them (don’t share yours!), and charge for services. Once you have the appropriate API key, you can save it to your R environment. This is recommended, as opposed to calling it in your code, as you may wish to share code without sharing your unique key.

4.8.3 Geocoding

Once your data are set up correctly, and you are credentialed to utilize the geocoding service, it’s time to geocode your data. Here is an example of code from the package ‘ggmap’ which supports the Google geocoding API. Depending on the quality of your internet service, whether or not your service allows you to cache results, and how many items you have to geocode, you may want to split up the geocoding into smaller batches so that if it is interrupted and you have to start over, you aren’t starting over from scratch.

Where possible, request as much output from your program as possible. In addition to latitude and longitude data, you can often receive information on the confidence of the program in the match, the precision of the match, additional geographic data, or other useful bits of information. And, importantly, when using services that cost money per request, be sure to save your results. If you find mistakes later, you can mark them, separate them from the main file, fix them, and rerun the geocoding service on the smaller sample.

4.8.4 Checking your Results

Once you’ve geocoded your results, it is important to check for accuracy. Some programs can tell you about the confidence of the match, and you can choose to review matches below a certain threshold to verify their accuracy. You can broadly verify the results by mapping the points to ensure things look appropriate. At a broad scale, like the premature mortality data, it may be hard to note small unexpected patterns in a sea of dots, but obvious issues (such as clusters of points being in a different state) can be identified using this method. You can also use some of the helpful output from the geocoding program. For example, Google offers a variable called “type” which tells you what kind of building the point represents. If you are mapping residences, it may be good to explore when some addresses come back as “electronics_store” or “dentist”.

As you go through this process, be mindful of your source data. Addresses for our Massachusetts mortality data, for example, are recorded by human beings. If your geocoding service struggles to find a match, it may help to verify that the street name is spelled correctly or has the proper designation. One check we used, for example, was to verify that the address Google returned had the same zip code as the address submitted. Large clusters of data where the zip code was wrong may reveal a common misspelling.

The key to this process is to not nitpick every small mistake the geocoding service makes, but to identify broad issues that might seriously bias your results.

4.9 Data Governance

There is only so much data users can do to account for poor data or the absence of data. Therefore, improvements in the availability and quality of health data and, in particular, improvements to the use of social metrics in conceptualizing and analyzing this data, are necessary. Data governance is therefore a critical feature of addressing health disparities. Data governance is about “who has input into making the decisions about which data are required, informed by the tandem expertise of health equity researchers and other members of the communities whose data are at stake, affording the expertise of lived experience” (Krieger, 2021). See Structural Racism, Health Inequities, and the Two-Edged Sword of Data: Structural Problems Require Structural Solutions for a proposed “two-part institutional mandate regarding the reporting and analysis of publicly-funded work involving racialized groups and health data and documentation as to why the proposed mandates are feasible” (Krieger, 2021).

Part of demanding improved data governance is interrogating the sources of data currently available, including their sampling strategies, underlying theories that inform their design, and who is involved in their generation - in line with ecosocial theory’s construct of accountability and agency. By exploring the origins of one’s data (both the actual records and the history of the data systems and categories at issue) and the processes through which they have been generated, data analysts and proponents of health justice can better articulate the potential for bias in the data, identify means of improving data collection to mitigate this bias, and actively call for structural change in data collection and governance.

Another key component of equity-oriented data governance is to make data openly accessible, with relevant safeguards for data privacy and use, so as to enable communities to ask their own data-driven questions, and not just rely on what analyses get published by governmental agencies or academic researchers. This also requires more robust infrastructure for community science, transparent review of methods and findings, and strengthened capacity for community-oriented knowledge translation to enhance agency. Although it is beyond the scope of our technical PHDGP 2.0 training to provide guidance on the specifics of equity-oriented data governance for the particular projects in which diverse groups are engaged, issues of data governance, sovereignty, and privacy are increasingly the focus of critical analysis and practice (Else 2022, Carroll, Rodriguez-Lonebear and Martinez 2019, Committee on National Statistics 2019, US Census Bureau 2020, Krieger et al. 2020).

4.10 References

Krieger N. The US Census and the People’s Health: Public Health Engagement From Enslavement and “Indians Not Taxed” to Census Tracts and Health Equity (1790-2018). Am J Public Health. 2019 Aug;109(8):1092-1100. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2019.305017. Epub 2019 Jun 20.

Nethery, Rachel C., Tamara Rushovich, Emily Peterson, Jarvis T. Chen, Pamela D. Waterman, Nancy Krieger, Lance Waller, and Brent A. Coull. “Comparing denominator sources for real-time disease incidence modeling: American Community Survey and WorldPop.” SSM-Population Health 14 (2021): 100786.

Rothman, Kenneth J., Sander Greenland, and Timothy L. Lash. Modern Epidemiology. Vol. 3. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2008.

Else H. African researchers lead campaign for equity in global collaborations. Nature. 2022 Jun 10. doi: 10.1038/d41586-022-01604-3. Epub ahead of print.

Carroll SR, Rodriguez-Lonebear D, Martinez A. Indigenous Data Governance: Strategies from United States Native Nations. Data Sci J. 2019;18:31. doi: 10.5334/dsj-2019-031.

Committee on National Statistics. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Workshop on 2020 Census Data Products: Data Needs and Privacy Considerations. Washington, DC: December 11–12, 2019. Available at: https://sites.nationalacademies.org/DBASSE/CNSTAT/DBASSE_196518. Accessed June 14, 2022.

US Census Bureau. Understanding differential privacy. https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/decennial-census/decade/2020/planning-management/process/disclosure-avoidance/differential-privacy.html ; accessed June 14, 2022.

Krieger N, Nethery RC, Chen JT, Waterman PD, Wright E, Rushovich T, Coull BA. Impact of Differential Privacy and Census Tract Data Source (Decennial Census Versus American Community Survey) for Monitoring Health Inequities. Am J Public Health. 2021 Feb;111(2):265-268. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2020.305989. Epub 2020 Dec 22.

3 Getting Setup with R and RStudio

5 Visualizing your data